early-access version 4094

README.md

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 yuzu emulator early access
 =============
 
-This is the source code for early-access 4093.
+This is the source code for early-access 4094.
 
 ## Legal Notice
 

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/NativeLibrary.kt

@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ object NativeLibrary {
     /**
      * Begins emulation.
      */
-    external fun run(path: String?)
+    external fun run(path: String?, programIndex: Int = 0)
 
     // Surface Handling
     external fun surfaceChanged(surf: Surface?)
@@ -489,6 +489,12 @@ object NativeLibrary {
         sEmulationActivity.get()!!.onEmulationStopped(status)
     }
 
+    @Keep
+    @JvmStatic
+    fun onProgramChanged(programIndex: Int) {
+        sEmulationActivity.get()!!.onProgramChanged(programIndex)
+    }
+
     /**
      * Logs the Yuzu version, Android version and, CPU.
      */

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/activities/EmulationActivity.kt

@@ -76,7 +76,6 @@ class EmulationActivity : AppCompatActivity(), SensorEventListener {
 
     override fun onDestroy() {
         stopForegroundService(this)
-        emulationViewModel.clear()
         super.onDestroy()
     }
 
@@ -446,9 +445,14 @@ class EmulationActivity : AppCompatActivity(), SensorEventListener {
     }
 
     fun onEmulationStopped(status: Int) {
-        if (status == 0) {
+        if (status == 0 && emulationViewModel.programChanged.value == -1) {
             finish()
         }
+        emulationViewModel.setEmulationStopped(true)
+    }
+
+    fun onProgramChanged(programIndex: Int) {
+        emulationViewModel.setProgramChanged(programIndex)
     }
 
     private fun startMotionSensorListener() {

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/fragments/EmulationFragment.kt

@@ -424,10 +424,38 @@ class EmulationFragment : Fragment(), SurfaceHolder.Callback {
                     }
                 }
             }
+            launch {
+                repeatOnLifecycle(Lifecycle.State.CREATED) {
+                    emulationViewModel.programChanged.collect {
+                        if (it != 0) {
+                            emulationViewModel.setEmulationStarted(false)
+                            binding.drawerLayout.close()
+                            binding.drawerLayout
+                                .setDrawerLockMode(DrawerLayout.LOCK_MODE_LOCKED_CLOSED)
+                            ViewUtils.hideView(binding.surfaceInputOverlay)
+                            ViewUtils.showView(binding.loadingIndicator)
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            launch {
+                repeatOnLifecycle(Lifecycle.State.CREATED) {
+                    emulationViewModel.emulationStopped.collect {
+                        if (it && emulationViewModel.programChanged.value != -1) {
+                            if (perfStatsUpdater != null) {
+                                perfStatsUpdateHandler.removeCallbacks(perfStatsUpdater!!)
+                            }
+                            emulationState.changeProgram(emulationViewModel.programChanged.value)
+                            emulationViewModel.setProgramChanged(-1)
+                            emulationViewModel.setEmulationStopped(false)
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
         }
     }
 
-    private fun startEmulation() {
+    private fun startEmulation(programIndex: Int = 0) {
         if (!NativeLibrary.isRunning() && !NativeLibrary.isPaused()) {
             if (!DirectoryInitialization.areDirectoriesReady) {
                 DirectoryInitialization.start()
@@ -435,7 +463,7 @@ class EmulationFragment : Fragment(), SurfaceHolder.Callback {
 
             updateScreenLayout()
 
-            emulationState.run(emulationActivity!!.isActivityRecreated)
+            emulationState.run(emulationActivity!!.isActivityRecreated, programIndex)
         }
     }
 
@@ -833,6 +861,7 @@ class EmulationFragment : Fragment(), SurfaceHolder.Callback {
     ) {
         private var state: State
         private var surface: Surface? = null
+        lateinit var emulationThread: Thread
 
         init {
             // Starting state is stopped.
@@ -878,7 +907,7 @@ class EmulationFragment : Fragment(), SurfaceHolder.Callback {
         }
 
         @Synchronized
-        fun run(isActivityRecreated: Boolean) {
+        fun run(isActivityRecreated: Boolean, programIndex: Int = 0) {
             if (isActivityRecreated) {
                 if (NativeLibrary.isRunning()) {
                     state = State.PAUSED
@@ -889,10 +918,20 @@ class EmulationFragment : Fragment(), SurfaceHolder.Callback {
 
             // If the surface is set, run now. Otherwise, wait for it to get set.
             if (surface != null) {
-                runWithValidSurface()
+                runWithValidSurface(programIndex)
             }
         }
 
+        @Synchronized
+        fun changeProgram(programIndex: Int) {
+            emulationThread.join()
+            emulationThread = Thread({
+                Log.debug("[EmulationFragment] Starting emulation thread.")
+                NativeLibrary.run(gamePath, programIndex)
+            }, "NativeEmulation")
+            emulationThread.start()
+        }
+
         // Surface callbacks
         @Synchronized
         fun newSurface(surface: Surface?) {
@@ -932,7 +971,7 @@ class EmulationFragment : Fragment(), SurfaceHolder.Callback {
             }
         }
 
-        private fun runWithValidSurface() {
+        private fun runWithValidSurface(programIndex: Int = 0) {
             NativeLibrary.surfaceChanged(surface)
             if (!emulationCanStart.invoke()) {
                 return
@@ -940,9 +979,9 @@ class EmulationFragment : Fragment(), SurfaceHolder.Callback {
 
             when (state) {
                 State.STOPPED -> {
-                    val emulationThread = Thread({
+                    emulationThread = Thread({
                         Log.debug("[EmulationFragment] Starting emulation thread.")
-                        NativeLibrary.run(gamePath)
+                        NativeLibrary.run(gamePath, programIndex)
                     }, "NativeEmulation")
                     emulationThread.start()
                 }

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/model/EmulationViewModel.kt

@@ -15,6 +15,12 @@ class EmulationViewModel : ViewModel() {
     val isEmulationStopping: StateFlow<Boolean> get() = _isEmulationStopping
     private val _isEmulationStopping = MutableStateFlow(false)
 
+    private val _emulationStopped = MutableStateFlow(false)
+    val emulationStopped = _emulationStopped.asStateFlow()
+
+    private val _programChanged = MutableStateFlow(-1)
+    val programChanged = _programChanged.asStateFlow()
+
     val shaderProgress: StateFlow<Int> get() = _shaderProgress
     private val _shaderProgress = MutableStateFlow(0)
 
@@ -35,6 +41,17 @@ class EmulationViewModel : ViewModel() {
         _isEmulationStopping.value = value
     }
 
+    fun setEmulationStopped(value: Boolean) {
+        if (value) {
+            _emulationStarted.value = false
+        }
+        _emulationStopped.value = value
+    }
+
+    fun setProgramChanged(programIndex: Int) {
+        _programChanged.value = programIndex
+    }
+
     fun setShaderProgress(progress: Int) {
         _shaderProgress.value = progress
     }
@@ -56,20 +73,4 @@ class EmulationViewModel : ViewModel() {
     fun setDrawerOpen(value: Boolean) {
         _drawerOpen.value = value
     }
-
-    fun clear() {
-        setEmulationStarted(false)
-        setIsEmulationStopping(false)
-        setShaderProgress(0)
-        setTotalShaders(0)
-        setShaderMessage("")
-    }
-
-    companion object {
-        const val KEY_EMULATION_STARTED = "EmulationStarted"
-        const val KEY_IS_EMULATION_STOPPING = "IsEmulationStarting"
-        const val KEY_SHADER_PROGRESS = "ShaderProgress"
-        const val KEY_TOTAL_SHADERS = "TotalShaders"
-        const val KEY_SHADER_MESSAGE = "ShaderMessage"
-    }
 }

src/android/app/src/main/jni/id_cache.cpp

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ static jmethodID s_exit_emulation_activity;
 static jmethodID s_disk_cache_load_progress;
 static jmethodID s_on_emulation_started;
 static jmethodID s_on_emulation_stopped;
+static jmethodID s_on_program_changed;
 
 static jclass s_game_class;
 static jmethodID s_game_constructor;
@@ -123,6 +124,10 @@ jmethodID GetOnEmulationStopped() {
     return s_on_emulation_stopped;
 }
 
+jmethodID GetOnProgramChanged() {
+    return s_on_program_changed;
+}
+
 jclass GetGameClass() {
     return s_game_class;
 }
@@ -306,6 +311,8 @@ jint JNI_OnLoad(JavaVM* vm, void* reserved) {
         env->GetStaticMethodID(s_native_library_class, "onEmulationStarted", "()V");
     s_on_emulation_stopped =
         env->GetStaticMethodID(s_native_library_class, "onEmulationStopped", "(I)V");
+    s_on_program_changed =
+        env->GetStaticMethodID(s_native_library_class, "onProgramChanged", "(I)V");
 
     const jclass game_class = env->FindClass("org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/model/Game");
     s_game_class = reinterpret_cast<jclass>(env->NewGlobalRef(game_class));

src/android/app/src/main/jni/id_cache.h

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ jmethodID GetExitEmulationActivity();
 jmethodID GetDiskCacheLoadProgress();
 jmethodID GetOnEmulationStarted();
 jmethodID GetOnEmulationStopped();
+jmethodID GetOnProgramChanged();
 
 jclass GetGameClass();
 jmethodID GetGameConstructor();

src/android/app/src/main/jni/native.cpp

@@ -215,7 +215,8 @@ void EmulationSession::SetAppletId(int applet_id) {
         static_cast<Service::AM::AppletId>(m_applet_id));
 }
 
-Core::SystemResultStatus EmulationSession::InitializeEmulation(const std::string& filepath) {
+Core::SystemResultStatus EmulationSession::InitializeEmulation(const std::string& filepath,
+                                                               const std::size_t program_index) {
     std::scoped_lock lock(m_mutex);
 
     // Create the render window.
@@ -247,6 +248,7 @@ Core::SystemResultStatus EmulationSession::InitializeEmulation(const std::string
     // Load the ROM.
     Service::AM::FrontendAppletParameters params{
         .applet_id = static_cast<Service::AM::AppletId>(m_applet_id),
+        .program_index = static_cast<s32>(program_index),
     };
     m_load_result = m_system.Load(EmulationSession::GetInstance().Window(), filepath, params);
     if (m_load_result != Core::SystemResultStatus::Success) {
@@ -258,6 +260,12 @@ Core::SystemResultStatus EmulationSession::InitializeEmulation(const std::string
     m_system.GetCpuManager().OnGpuReady();
     m_system.RegisterExitCallback([&] { HaltEmulation(); });
 
+    // Register an ExecuteProgram callback such that Core can execute a sub-program
+    m_system.RegisterExecuteProgramCallback([&](std::size_t program_index_) {
+        m_next_program_index = program_index_;
+        EmulationSession::GetInstance().HaltEmulation();
+    });
+
     OnEmulationStarted();
     return Core::SystemResultStatus::Success;
 }
@@ -265,6 +273,11 @@ Core::SystemResultStatus EmulationSession::InitializeEmulation(const std::string
 void EmulationSession::ShutdownEmulation() {
     std::scoped_lock lock(m_mutex);
 
+    if (m_next_program_index != -1) {
+        ChangeProgram(m_next_program_index);
+        m_next_program_index = -1;
+    }
+
     m_is_running = false;
 
     // Unload user input.
@@ -415,6 +428,12 @@ void EmulationSession::OnEmulationStopped(Core::SystemResultStatus result) {
                               static_cast<jint>(result));
 }
 
+void EmulationSession::ChangeProgram(std::size_t program_index) {
+    JNIEnv* env = IDCache::GetEnvForThread();
+    env->CallStaticVoidMethod(IDCache::GetNativeLibraryClass(), IDCache::GetOnProgramChanged(),
+                              static_cast<jint>(program_index));
+}
+
 u64 EmulationSession::GetProgramId(JNIEnv* env, jstring jprogramId) {
     auto program_id_string = GetJString(env, jprogramId);
     try {
@@ -424,7 +443,8 @@ u64 EmulationSession::GetProgramId(JNIEnv* env, jstring jprogramId) {
     }
 }
 
-static Core::SystemResultStatus RunEmulation(const std::string& filepath) {
+static Core::SystemResultStatus RunEmulation(const std::string& filepath,
+                                             const size_t program_index = 0) {
     MicroProfileOnThreadCreate("EmuThread");
     SCOPE_EXIT({ MicroProfileShutdown(); });
 
@@ -437,7 +457,7 @@ static Core::SystemResultStatus RunEmulation(const std::string& filepath) {
 
     SCOPE_EXIT({ EmulationSession::GetInstance().ShutdownEmulation(); });
 
-    jconst result = EmulationSession::GetInstance().InitializeEmulation(filepath);
+    jconst result = EmulationSession::GetInstance().InitializeEmulation(filepath, program_index);
     if (result != Core::SystemResultStatus::Success) {
         return result;
     }
@@ -702,11 +722,11 @@ void Java_org_yuzu_yuzu_1emu_NativeLibrary_logSettings(JNIEnv* env, jobject jobj
     Settings::LogSettings();
 }
 
-void Java_org_yuzu_yuzu_1emu_NativeLibrary_run__Ljava_lang_String_2(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz,
+void Java_org_yuzu_yuzu_1emu_NativeLibrary_run(JNIEnv* env, jobject jobj, jstring j_path,
-                                                                    jstring j_path) {
+                                               jint j_program_index) {
     const std::string path = GetJString(env, j_path);
 
-    const Core::SystemResultStatus result{RunEmulation(path)};
+    const Core::SystemResultStatus result{RunEmulation(path, j_program_index)};
     if (result != Core::SystemResultStatus::Success) {
         env->CallStaticVoidMethod(IDCache::GetNativeLibraryClass(),
                                   IDCache::GetExitEmulationActivity(), static_cast<int>(result));

src/android/app/src/main/jni/native.h

@@ -46,7 +46,8 @@ public:
     void ConfigureFilesystemProvider(const std::string& filepath);
     void InitializeSystem(bool reload);
     void SetAppletId(int applet_id);
-    Core::SystemResultStatus InitializeEmulation(const std::string& filepath);
+    Core::SystemResultStatus InitializeEmulation(const std::string& filepath,
+                                                 const std::size_t program_index = 0);
 
     bool IsHandheldOnly();
     void SetDeviceType([[maybe_unused]] int index, int type);
@@ -61,6 +62,7 @@ public:
 private:
     static void LoadDiskCacheProgress(VideoCore::LoadCallbackStage stage, int progress, int max);
     static void OnEmulationStopped(Core::SystemResultStatus result);
+    static void ChangeProgram(std::size_t program_index);
 
 private:
     // Window management
@@ -86,4 +88,7 @@ private:
     // Synchronization
     std::condition_variable_any m_cv;
     mutable std::mutex m_mutex;
+
+    // Program index for next boot
+    std::atomic<s32> m_next_program_index = -1;
 };

src/android/app/src/main/res/layout/fragment_emulation.xml

@@ -34,8 +34,10 @@
                 android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                 android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                 android:layout_gravity="center"
+                android:focusable="false"
                 android:defaultFocusHighlightEnabled="false"
-                android:clickable="false">
+                android:clickable="false"
+                app:rippleColor="@android:color/transparent">
 
                 <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
                     android:id="@+id/loading_layout"

src/common/atomic_ops.h

@@ -15,25 +15,34 @@ namespace Common {
 
 #if _MSC_VER
 
-[[nodiscard]] inline bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u8* pointer, u8 value, u8 expected) {
+template <typename T>
+[[nodiscard]] inline bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(T* pointer, T value, T expected);
+template <typename T>
+[[nodiscard]] inline bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(T* pointer, T value, T expected, T& actual);
+
+template <>
+[[nodiscard]] inline bool AtomicCompareAndSwap<u8>(u8* pointer, u8 value, u8 expected) {
     const u8 result =
         _InterlockedCompareExchange8(reinterpret_cast<volatile char*>(pointer), value, expected);
     return result == expected;
 }
 
-[[nodiscard]] inline bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u16* pointer, u16 value, u16 expected) {
+template <>
+[[nodiscard]] inline bool AtomicCompareAndSwap<u16>(u16* pointer, u16 value, u16 expected) {
     const u16 result =
         _InterlockedCompareExchange16(reinterpret_cast<volatile short*>(pointer), value, expected);
     return result == expected;
 }
 
-[[nodiscard]] inline bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u32* pointer, u32 value, u32 expected) {
+template <>
+[[nodiscard]] inline bool AtomicCompareAndSwap<u32>(u32* pointer, u32 value, u32 expected) {
     const u32 result =
         _InterlockedCompareExchange(reinterpret_cast<volatile long*>(pointer), value, expected);
     return result == expected;
 }
 
-[[nodiscard]] inline bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u64* pointer, u64 value, u64 expected) {
+template <>
+[[nodiscard]] inline bool AtomicCompareAndSwap<u64>(u64* pointer, u64 value, u64 expected) {
     const u64 result = _InterlockedCompareExchange64(reinterpret_cast<volatile __int64*>(pointer),
                                                      value, expected);
     return result == expected;
@@ -45,28 +54,31 @@ namespace Common {
                                           reinterpret_cast<__int64*>(expected.data())) != 0;
 }
 
-[[nodiscard]] inline bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u8* pointer, u8 value, u8 expected,
+template <>
-                                               u8& actual) {
+[[nodiscard]] inline bool AtomicCompareAndSwap<u8>(u8* pointer, u8 value, u8 expected, u8& actual) {
     actual =
         _InterlockedCompareExchange8(reinterpret_cast<volatile char*>(pointer), value, expected);
     return actual == expected;
 }
 
-[[nodiscard]] inline bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u16* pointer, u16 value, u16 expected,
+template <>
+[[nodiscard]] inline bool AtomicCompareAndSwap<u16>(u16* pointer, u16 value, u16 expected,
                                                     u16& actual) {
     actual =
         _InterlockedCompareExchange16(reinterpret_cast<volatile short*>(pointer), value, expected);
     return actual == expected;
 }
 
-[[nodiscard]] inline bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u32* pointer, u32 value, u32 expected,
+template <>
+[[nodiscard]] inline bool AtomicCompareAndSwap<u32>(u32* pointer, u32 value, u32 expected,
                                                     u32& actual) {
     actual =
         _InterlockedCompareExchange(reinterpret_cast<volatile long*>(pointer), value, expected);
     return actual == expected;
 }
 
-[[nodiscard]] inline bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u64* pointer, u64 value, u64 expected,
+template <>
+[[nodiscard]] inline bool AtomicCompareAndSwap<u64>(u64* pointer, u64 value, u64 expected,
                                                     u64& actual) {
     actual = _InterlockedCompareExchange64(reinterpret_cast<volatile __int64*>(pointer), value,
                                            expected);
@@ -91,23 +103,12 @@ namespace Common {
 
 #else
 
-[[nodiscard]] inline bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u8* pointer, u8 value, u8 expected) {
+template <typename T>
+[[nodiscard]] inline bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(T* pointer, T value, T expected) {
     return __sync_bool_compare_and_swap(pointer, expected, value);
 }
 
-[[nodiscard]] inline bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u16* pointer, u16 value, u16 expected) {
+[[nodiscard]] inline bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(u64* pointer, u128 value, u128 expected) {
-    return __sync_bool_compare_and_swap(pointer, expected, value);
-}
-
-[[nodiscard]] inline bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u32* pointer, u32 value, u32 expected) {
-    return __sync_bool_compare_and_swap(pointer, expected, value);
-}
-
-[[nodiscard]] inline bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u64* pointer, u64 value, u64 expected) {
-    return __sync_bool_compare_and_swap(pointer, expected, value);
-}
-
-[[nodiscard]] inline bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u64* pointer, u128 value, u128 expected) {
     unsigned __int128 value_a;
     unsigned __int128 expected_a;
     std::memcpy(&value_a, value.data(), sizeof(u128));
@@ -115,31 +116,13 @@ namespace Common {
     return __sync_bool_compare_and_swap((unsigned __int128*)pointer, expected_a, value_a);
 }
 
-[[nodiscard]] inline bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u8* pointer, u8 value, u8 expected,
+template <typename T>
-                                               u8& actual) {
+[[nodiscard]] inline bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(T* pointer, T value, T expected, T& actual) {
     actual = __sync_val_compare_and_swap(pointer, expected, value);
     return actual == expected;
 }
 
-[[nodiscard]] inline bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u16* pointer, u16 value, u16 expected,
+[[nodiscard]] inline bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(u64* pointer, u128 value, u128 expected,
-                                               u16& actual) {
-    actual = __sync_val_compare_and_swap(pointer, expected, value);
-    return actual == expected;
-}
-
-[[nodiscard]] inline bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u32* pointer, u32 value, u32 expected,
-                                               u32& actual) {
-    actual = __sync_val_compare_and_swap(pointer, expected, value);
-    return actual == expected;
-}
-
-[[nodiscard]] inline bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u64* pointer, u64 value, u64 expected,
-                                               u64& actual) {
-    actual = __sync_val_compare_and_swap(pointer, expected, value);
-    return actual == expected;
-}
-
-[[nodiscard]] inline bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u64* pointer, u128 value, u128 expected,
                                                u128& actual) {
     unsigned __int128 value_a;
     unsigned __int128 expected_a;
@@ -151,7 +134,7 @@ namespace Common {
     return actual_a == expected_a;
 }
 
-[[nodiscard]] inline u128 AtomicLoad128(volatile u64* pointer) {
+[[nodiscard]] inline u128 AtomicLoad128(u64* pointer) {
     unsigned __int128 zeros_a = 0;
     unsigned __int128 result_a =
         __sync_val_compare_and_swap((unsigned __int128*)pointer, zeros_a, zeros_a);

src/core/hle/service/am/applet_manager.cpp

@@ -221,6 +221,7 @@ void AppletManager::InsertApplet(std::shared_ptr<Applet> applet) {
 
 void AppletManager::TerminateAndRemoveApplet(AppletResourceUserId aruid) {
     std::shared_ptr<Applet> applet;
+    bool should_stop = false;
     {
         std::scoped_lock lk{m_lock};
 
@@ -231,10 +232,17 @@ void AppletManager::TerminateAndRemoveApplet(AppletResourceUserId aruid) {
 
         applet = it->second;
         m_applets.erase(it);
+
+        should_stop = m_applets.empty();
     }
 
     // Terminate process.
     applet->process->Terminate();
+
+    // If there were no applets left, stop emulation.
+    if (should_stop) {
+        m_system.Exit();
+    }
 }
 
 void AppletManager::CreateAndInsertByFrontendAppletParameters(

src/core/memory.cpp

@@ -781,8 +781,7 @@ struct Memory::Impl {
             },
             [&]() { HandleRasterizerWrite(GetInteger(vaddr), sizeof(T)); });
         if (ptr) {
-            const auto volatile_pointer = reinterpret_cast<volatile T*>(ptr);
+            return Common::AtomicCompareAndSwap(reinterpret_cast<T*>(ptr), data, expected);
-            return Common::AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile_pointer, data, expected);
         }
         return true;
     }
@@ -796,8 +795,7 @@ struct Memory::Impl {
             },
             [&]() { HandleRasterizerWrite(GetInteger(vaddr), sizeof(u128)); });
         if (ptr) {
-            const auto volatile_pointer = reinterpret_cast<volatile u64*>(ptr);
+            return Common::AtomicCompareAndSwap(reinterpret_cast<u64*>(ptr), data, expected);
-            return Common::AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile_pointer, data, expected);
         }
         return true;
     }