early-access version 4168

README.md

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 yuzu emulator early access
 =============
 
-This is the source code for early-access 4167.
+This is the source code for early-access 4168.
 
 ## Legal Notice
 

src/core/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -401,14 +401,16 @@ add_library(core STATIC
     hle/service/am/am_types.h
     hle/service/am/applet.cpp
     hle/service/am/applet.h
+    hle/service/am/applet_manager.cpp
     hle/service/am/applet_data_broker.cpp
     hle/service/am/applet_data_broker.h
-    hle/service/am/applet_manager.cpp
     hle/service/am/applet_manager.h
-    hle/service/am/applet_message_queue.cpp
+    hle/service/am/button_poller.cpp
-    hle/service/am/applet_message_queue.h
+    hle/service/am/button_poller.h
     hle/service/am/display_layer_manager.cpp
     hle/service/am/display_layer_manager.h
+    hle/service/am/event_observer.cpp
+    hle/service/am/event_observer.h
     hle/service/am/frontend/applet_cabinet.cpp
     hle/service/am/frontend/applet_cabinet.h
     hle/service/am/frontend/applet_controller.cpp
@@ -434,8 +436,12 @@ add_library(core STATIC
     hle/service/am/hid_registration.h
     hle/service/am/library_applet_storage.cpp
     hle/service/am/library_applet_storage.h
-    hle/service/am/process.cpp
+    hle/service/am/lifecycle_manager.cpp
-    hle/service/am/process.h
+    hle/service/am/lifecycle_manager.h
+    hle/service/am/process_creation.cpp
+    hle/service/am/process_creation.h
+    hle/service/am/process_holder.cpp
+    hle/service/am/process_holder.h
     hle/service/am/service/all_system_applet_proxies_service.cpp
     hle/service/am/service/all_system_applet_proxies_service.h
     hle/service/am/service/applet_common_functions.cpp
@@ -486,6 +492,8 @@ add_library(core STATIC
     hle/service/am/service/system_applet_proxy.h
     hle/service/am/service/window_controller.cpp
     hle/service/am/service/window_controller.h
+    hle/service/am/window_system.cpp
+    hle/service/am/window_system.h
     hle/service/aoc/addon_content_manager.cpp
     hle/service/aoc/addon_content_manager.h
     hle/service/aoc/purchase_event_manager.cpp
@@ -914,6 +922,8 @@ add_library(core STATIC
     hle/service/os/multi_wait_utils.h
     hle/service/os/mutex.cpp
     hle/service/os/mutex.h
+    hle/service/os/process.cpp
+    hle/service/os/process.h
     hle/service/pcie/pcie.cpp
     hle/service/pcie/pcie.h
     hle/service/pctl/parental_control_service_factory.cpp

src/core/core.cpp

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 
 #include <array>
 #include <atomic>
-#include <exception>
 #include <memory>
 #include <utility>
 
@@ -20,7 +19,6 @@
 #include "core/cpu_manager.h"
 #include "core/debugger/debugger.h"
 #include "core/device_memory.h"
-#include "core/file_sys/bis_factory.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/fs_filesystem.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/patch_manager.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/registered_cache.h"
@@ -38,6 +36,7 @@
 #include "core/hle/service/acc/profile_manager.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/applet_manager.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/frontend/applets.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/am/process_creation.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/apm/apm_controller.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/filesystem/filesystem.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/glue/glue_manager.h"
@@ -72,30 +71,6 @@ MICROPROFILE_DEFINE(ARM_CPU3, "ARM", "CPU 3", MP_RGB(255, 64, 64));
 
 namespace Core {
 
-namespace {
-
-FileSys::StorageId GetStorageIdForFrontendSlot(
-    std::optional<FileSys::ContentProviderUnionSlot> slot) {
-    if (!slot.has_value()) {
-        return FileSys::StorageId::None;
-    }
-
-    switch (*slot) {
-    case FileSys::ContentProviderUnionSlot::UserNAND:
-        return FileSys::StorageId::NandUser;
-    case FileSys::ContentProviderUnionSlot::SysNAND:
-        return FileSys::StorageId::NandSystem;
-    case FileSys::ContentProviderUnionSlot::SDMC:
-        return FileSys::StorageId::SdCard;
-    case FileSys::ContentProviderUnionSlot::FrontendManual:
-        return FileSys::StorageId::Host;
-    default:
-        return FileSys::StorageId::None;
-    }
-}
-
-} // Anonymous namespace
-
 FileSys::VirtualFile GetGameFileFromPath(const FileSys::VirtualFilesystem& vfs,
                                          const std::string& path) {
     // To account for split 00+01+etc files.
@@ -297,9 +272,6 @@ struct System::Impl {
     }
 
     SystemResultStatus SetupForApplicationProcess(System& system, Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window) {
-        /// Reset all glue registrations
-        arp_manager.ResetAll();
-
         telemetry_session = std::make_unique<Core::TelemetrySession>();
 
         host1x_core = std::make_unique<Tegra::Host1x::Host1x>(system);
@@ -335,33 +307,17 @@ struct System::Impl {
     SystemResultStatus Load(System& system, Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window,
                             const std::string& filepath,
                             Service::AM::FrontendAppletParameters& params) {
-        app_loader = Loader::GetLoader(system, GetGameFileFromPath(virtual_filesystem, filepath),
-                                       params.program_id, params.program_index);
-
-        if (!app_loader) {
-            LOG_CRITICAL(Core, "Failed to obtain loader for {}!", filepath);
-            return SystemResultStatus::ErrorGetLoader;
-        }
-
-        if (app_loader->ReadProgramId(params.program_id) != Loader::ResultStatus::Success) {
-            LOG_ERROR(Core, "Failed to find title id for ROM!");
-        }
-
-        std::string name = "Unknown program";
-        if (app_loader->ReadTitle(name) != Loader::ResultStatus::Success) {
-            LOG_ERROR(Core, "Failed to read title for ROM!");
-        }
-
-        LOG_INFO(Core, "Loading {} ({})", name, params.program_id);
-
         InitializeKernel(system);
 
-        // Create the application process.
+        const auto file = GetGameFileFromPath(virtual_filesystem, filepath);
-        auto main_process = Kernel::KProcess::Create(system.Kernel());
+
-        Kernel::KProcess::Register(system.Kernel(), main_process);
+        // Create the application process
-        kernel.AppendNewProcess(main_process);
+        Loader::ResultStatus load_result{};
-        kernel.MakeApplicationProcess(main_process);
+        std::vector<u8> control;
-        const auto [load_result, load_parameters] = app_loader->Load(*main_process, system);
+        auto process =
+            Service::AM::CreateApplicationProcess(control, app_loader, load_result, system, file,
+                                                  params.program_id, params.program_index);
+
         if (load_result != Loader::ResultStatus::Success) {
             LOG_CRITICAL(Core, "Failed to load ROM (Error {})!", load_result);
             ShutdownMainProcess();
@@ -370,6 +326,25 @@ struct System::Impl {
                 static_cast<u32>(SystemResultStatus::ErrorLoader) + static_cast<u32>(load_result));
         }
 
+        if (!app_loader) {
+            LOG_CRITICAL(Core, "Failed to obtain loader for {}!", filepath);
+            return SystemResultStatus::ErrorGetLoader;
+        }
+
+        if (app_loader->ReadProgramId(params.program_id) != Loader::ResultStatus::Success) {
+            LOG_ERROR(Core, "Failed to find program id for ROM!");
+        }
+
+        std::string name = "Unknown program";
+        if (app_loader->ReadTitle(name) != Loader::ResultStatus::Success) {
+            LOG_ERROR(Core, "Failed to read title for ROM!");
+        }
+
+        LOG_INFO(Core, "Loading {} ({:016X}) ...", name, params.program_id);
+
+        // Make the process created be the application
+        kernel.MakeApplicationProcess(process->GetHandle());
+
         // Set up the rest of the system.
         SystemResultStatus init_result{SetupForApplicationProcess(system, emu_window)};
         if (init_result != SystemResultStatus::Success) {
@@ -379,7 +354,6 @@ struct System::Impl {
             return init_result;
         }
 
-        AddGlueRegistrationForProcess(*app_loader, *main_process);
         telemetry_session->AddInitialInfo(*app_loader, fs_controller, *content_provider);
 
         // Initialize cheat engine
@@ -388,13 +362,7 @@ struct System::Impl {
         }
 
         // Register with applet manager.
-        applet_manager.CreateAndInsertByFrontendAppletParameters(main_process->GetProcessId(),
+        applet_manager.CreateAndInsertByFrontendAppletParameters(std::move(process), params);
-                                                                 params);
-
-        // All threads are started, begin main process execution, now that we're in the clear.
-        main_process->Run(load_parameters->main_thread_priority,
-                          load_parameters->main_thread_stack_size);
-        main_process->Close();
 
         if (Settings::values.gamecard_inserted) {
             if (Settings::values.gamecard_current_game) {
@@ -466,7 +434,6 @@ struct System::Impl {
         kernel.SuspendEmulation(true);
         kernel.CloseServices();
         kernel.ShutdownCores();
-        applet_manager.Reset();
         services.reset();
         service_manager.reset();
         fs_controller.Reset();
@@ -492,6 +459,9 @@ struct System::Impl {
         // Workarounds
         Settings::values.renderer_amdvlk_depth_bias_workaround = false;
 
+        // Reset all glue registrations
+        arp_manager.ResetAll();
+
         LOG_DEBUG(Core, "Shutdown OK");
     }
 
@@ -509,31 +479,6 @@ struct System::Impl {
         return app_loader->ReadTitle(out);
     }
 
-    void AddGlueRegistrationForProcess(Loader::AppLoader& loader, Kernel::KProcess& process) {
-        std::vector<u8> nacp_data;
-        FileSys::NACP nacp;
-        if (loader.ReadControlData(nacp) == Loader::ResultStatus::Success) {
-            nacp_data = nacp.GetRawBytes();
-        } else {
-            nacp_data.resize(sizeof(FileSys::RawNACP));
-        }
-
-        Service::Glue::ApplicationLaunchProperty launch{};
-        launch.title_id = process.GetProgramId();
-
-        FileSys::PatchManager pm{launch.title_id, fs_controller, *content_provider};
-        launch.version = pm.GetGameVersion().value_or(0);
-
-        // TODO(DarkLordZach): When FSController/Game Card Support is added, if
-        // current_process_game_card use correct StorageId
-        launch.base_game_storage_id = GetStorageIdForFrontendSlot(content_provider->GetSlotForEntry(
-            launch.title_id, FileSys::ContentRecordType::Program));
-        launch.update_storage_id = GetStorageIdForFrontendSlot(content_provider->GetSlotForEntry(
-            FileSys::GetUpdateTitleID(launch.title_id), FileSys::ContentRecordType::Program));
-
-        arp_manager.Register(launch.title_id, launch, std::move(nacp_data));
-    }
-
     void SetStatus(SystemResultStatus new_status, const char* details = nullptr) {
         status = new_status;
         if (details) {

src/core/hle/service/am/am.cpp

@@ -2,19 +2,26 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
 #include "core/hle/service/am/am.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/am/button_poller.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/am/event_observer.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/service/all_system_applet_proxies_service.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/service/application_proxy_service.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/am/window_system.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/server_manager.h"
 
 namespace Service::AM {
 
 void LoopProcess(Core::System& system) {
+    WindowSystem window_system(system);
+    ButtonPoller button_poller(system, window_system);
+    EventObserver event_observer(system, window_system);
+
     auto server_manager = std::make_unique<ServerManager>(system);
 
-    server_manager->RegisterNamedService("appletAE",
+    server_manager->RegisterNamedService(
-                                         std::make_shared<IAllSystemAppletProxiesService>(system));
+        "appletAE", std::make_shared<IAllSystemAppletProxiesService>(system, window_system));
-    server_manager->RegisterNamedService("appletOE",
+    server_manager->RegisterNamedService(
-                                         std::make_shared<IApplicationProxyService>(system));
+        "appletOE", std::make_shared<IApplicationProxyService>(system, window_system));
     ServerManager::RunServer(std::move(server_manager));
 }
 

src/core/hle/service/am/am_results.h

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ namespace Service::AM {
 
 constexpr Result ResultNoDataInChannel{ErrorModule::AM, 2};
 constexpr Result ResultNoMessages{ErrorModule::AM, 3};
+constexpr Result ResultLibraryAppletTerminated{ErrorModule::AM, 22};
 constexpr Result ResultInvalidOffset{ErrorModule::AM, 503};
 constexpr Result ResultInvalidStorageType{ErrorModule::AM, 511};
 constexpr Result ResultFatalSectionCountImbalance{ErrorModule::AM, 512};

src/core/hle/service/am/am_types.h

@@ -66,12 +66,6 @@ enum class ScreenshotPermission : u32 {
     Disable = 2,
 };
 
-struct FocusHandlingMode {
-    bool notify;
-    bool background;
-    bool suspend;
-};
-
 enum class IdleTimeDetectionExtension : u32 {
     Disabled = 0,
     Extended = 1,
@@ -244,7 +238,6 @@ struct ApplicationPlayStatistics {
 static_assert(sizeof(ApplicationPlayStatistics) == 0x18,
               "ApplicationPlayStatistics has incorrect size.");
 
-using AppletResourceUserId = u64;
 using ProgramId = u64;
 
 struct Applet;

src/core/hle/service/am/applet.cpp

@@ -1,27 +1,71 @@
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
-#include "common/scope_exit.h"
-
 #include "core/core.h"
-#include "core/hle/service/am/am_results.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/applet.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/applet_manager.h"
 
 namespace Service::AM {
 
-Applet::Applet(Core::System& system, std::unique_ptr<Process> process_)
+Applet::Applet(Core::System& system, std::unique_ptr<Process> process_, bool is_application)
-    : context(system, "Applet"), message_queue(system), process(std::move(process_)),
+    : context(system, "Applet"), lifecycle_manager(system, context, is_application),
-      hid_registration(system, *process), gpu_error_detected_event(context),
+      process(std::move(process_)), hid_registration(system, *process),
-      friend_invitation_storage_channel_event(context), notification_storage_channel_event(context),
+      gpu_error_detected_event(context), friend_invitation_storage_channel_event(context),
-      health_warning_disappeared_system_event(context), acquired_sleep_lock_event(context),
+      notification_storage_channel_event(context), health_warning_disappeared_system_event(context),
-      pop_from_general_channel_event(context), library_applet_launchable_event(context),
+      acquired_sleep_lock_event(context), pop_from_general_channel_event(context),
-      accumulated_suspended_tick_changed_event(context), sleep_lock_event(context) {
+      library_applet_launchable_event(context), accumulated_suspended_tick_changed_event(context),
+      sleep_lock_event(context), state_changed_event(context) {
 
-    aruid = process->GetProcessId();
+    aruid.pid = process->GetProcessId();
     program_id = process->GetProgramId();
 }
 
 Applet::~Applet() = default;
 
+void Applet::UpdateSuspensionStateLocked(bool force_message) {
+    // Remove any forced resumption.
+    lifecycle_manager.RemoveForceResumeIfPossible();
+
+    // Check if we're runnable.
+    const bool curr_activity_runnable = lifecycle_manager.IsRunnable();
+    const bool prev_activity_runnable = is_activity_runnable;
+    const bool was_changed = curr_activity_runnable != prev_activity_runnable;
+
+    if (was_changed) {
+        if (curr_activity_runnable) {
+            process->Suspend(false);
+        } else {
+            process->Suspend(true);
+            lifecycle_manager.RequestResumeNotification();
+        }
+
+        is_activity_runnable = curr_activity_runnable;
+    }
+
+    if (lifecycle_manager.GetForcedSuspend()) {
+        // TODO: why is this allowed?
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Signal if the focus state was changed or the process state was changed.
+    if (lifecycle_manager.UpdateRequestedFocusState() || was_changed || force_message) {
+        lifecycle_manager.SignalSystemEventIfNeeded();
+    }
+}
+
+void Applet::SetInteractibleLocked(bool interactible) {
+    if (is_interactible == interactible) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    is_interactible = interactible;
+
+    hid_registration.EnableAppletToGetInput(interactible && !lifecycle_manager.GetExitRequested());
+}
+
+void Applet::OnProcessTerminatedLocked() {
+    is_completed = true;
+    state_changed_event.Signal();
+}
+
 } // namespace Service::AM

src/core/hle/service/am/applet.h

@@ -3,25 +3,28 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <deque>
 #include <mutex>
 
 #include "common/math_util.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/apm/apm_controller.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/caps/caps_types.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/cmif_types.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/kernel_helpers.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/os/event.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/os/process.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/service.h"
 
 #include "core/hle/service/am/am_types.h"
-#include "core/hle/service/am/applet_message_queue.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/display_layer_manager.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/hid_registration.h"
-#include "core/hle/service/am/process.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/am/lifecycle_manager.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/am/process_holder.h"
 
 namespace Service::AM {
 
 struct Applet {
-    explicit Applet(Core::System& system, std::unique_ptr<Process> process_);
+    explicit Applet(Core::System& system, std::unique_ptr<Process> process_, bool is_application);
     ~Applet();
 
     // Lock
@@ -30,11 +33,13 @@ struct Applet {
     // Event creation helper
     KernelHelpers::ServiceContext context;
 
-    // Applet message queue
+    // Lifecycle manager
-    AppletMessageQueue message_queue;
+    LifecycleManager lifecycle_manager;
 
     // Process
     std::unique_ptr<Process> process;
+    std::optional<ProcessHolder> process_holder;
+    bool is_process_running{};
 
     // Creation state
     AppletId applet_id{};
@@ -75,11 +80,9 @@ struct Applet {
     bool game_play_recording_supported{};
     GamePlayRecordingState game_play_recording_state{GamePlayRecordingState::Disabled};
     bool jit_service_launched{};
-    bool is_running{};
     bool application_crash_report_enabled{};
 
     // Common state
-    FocusState focus_state{};
     bool sleep_lock_enabled{};
     bool vr_mode_enabled{};
     bool lcd_backlight_off_enabled{};
@@ -93,15 +96,12 @@ struct Applet {
     // Caller applet
     std::weak_ptr<Applet> caller_applet{};
     std::shared_ptr<AppletDataBroker> caller_applet_broker{};
+    std::list<std::shared_ptr<Applet>> child_applets{};
+    bool is_completed{};
 
     // Self state
     bool exit_locked{};
     s32 fatal_section_count{};
-    bool operation_mode_changed_notification_enabled{true};
-    bool performance_mode_changed_notification_enabled{true};
-    FocusHandlingMode focus_handling_mode{};
-    bool restart_message_enabled{};
-    bool out_of_focus_suspension_enabled{true};
     Capture::AlbumImageOrientation album_image_orientation{};
     bool handles_request_to_display{};
     ScreenshotPermission screenshot_permission{};
@@ -110,6 +110,9 @@ struct Applet {
     u64 suspended_ticks{};
     bool album_image_taken_notification_enabled{};
     bool record_volume_muted{};
+    bool is_activity_runnable{};
+    bool is_interactible{true};
+    bool window_visible{true};
 
     // Events
     Event gpu_error_detected_event;
@@ -121,9 +124,15 @@ struct Applet {
     Event library_applet_launchable_event;
     Event accumulated_suspended_tick_changed_event;
     Event sleep_lock_event;
+    Event state_changed_event;
 
     // Frontend state
     std::shared_ptr<Frontend::FrontendApplet> frontend{};
+
+    // Process state management
+    void UpdateSuspensionStateLocked(bool force_message);
+    void SetInteractibleLocked(bool interactible);
+    void OnProcessTerminatedLocked();
 };
 
 } // namespace Service::AM

src/core/hle/service/am/applet_data_broker.cpp

@@ -44,24 +44,8 @@ Kernel::KReadableEvent* AppletStorageChannel::GetEvent() {
 
 AppletDataBroker::AppletDataBroker(Core::System& system_)
     : system(system_), context(system_, "AppletDataBroker"), in_data(context),
-      interactive_in_data(context), out_data(context), interactive_out_data(context),
+      interactive_in_data(context), out_data(context), interactive_out_data(context) {}
-      state_changed_event(context), is_completed(false) {}
 
 AppletDataBroker::~AppletDataBroker() = default;
 
-void AppletDataBroker::SignalCompletion() {
-    {
-        std::scoped_lock lk{lock};
-
-        if (is_completed) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        is_completed = true;
-        state_changed_event.Signal();
-    }
-
-    system.GetAppletManager().FocusStateChanged();
-}
-
 } // namespace Service::AM

src/core/hle/service/am/applet_data_broker.h

@@ -53,16 +53,6 @@ public:
         return interactive_out_data;
     }
 
-    Event& GetStateChangedEvent() {
-        return state_changed_event;
-    }
-
-    bool IsCompleted() const {
-        return is_completed;
-    }
-
-    void SignalCompletion();
-
 private:
     Core::System& system;
     KernelHelpers::ServiceContext context;
@@ -71,10 +61,6 @@ private:
     AppletStorageChannel interactive_in_data;
     AppletStorageChannel out_data;
     AppletStorageChannel interactive_out_data;
-    Event state_changed_event;
-
-    std::mutex lock;
-    bool is_completed;
 };
 
 } // namespace Service::AM

src/core/hle/service/am/applet_manager.cpp

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include "core/hle/service/am/frontend/applet_mii_edit_types.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/frontend/applet_software_keyboard_types.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/service/storage.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/am/window_system.h"
 #include "hid_core/hid_types.h"
 
 namespace Service::AM {
@@ -225,49 +226,46 @@ void PushInShowSoftwareKeyboard(Core::System& system, AppletStorageChannel& chan
 } // namespace
 
 AppletManager::AppletManager(Core::System& system) : m_system(system) {}
-AppletManager::~AppletManager() {
+AppletManager::~AppletManager() = default;
-    this->Reset();
-}
 
-void AppletManager::InsertApplet(std::shared_ptr<Applet> applet) {
+void AppletManager::CreateAndInsertByFrontendAppletParameters(
-    std::scoped_lock lk{m_lock};
+    std::unique_ptr<Process> process, const FrontendAppletParameters& params) {
-
-    m_applets.emplace(applet->aruid, std::move(applet));
-}
-
-void AppletManager::TerminateAndRemoveApplet(AppletResourceUserId aruid) {
-    std::shared_ptr<Applet> applet;
-    bool should_stop = false;
     {
         std::scoped_lock lk{m_lock};
+        m_pending_process = std::move(process);
+        m_pending_parameters = params;
+    }
+    m_cv.notify_all();
+}
 
-        const auto it = m_applets.find(aruid);
+void AppletManager::RequestExit() {
-        if (it == m_applets.end()) {
+    std::scoped_lock lk{m_lock};
+    if (m_window_system) {
+        m_window_system->OnExitRequested();
+    }
+}
+
+void AppletManager::OperationModeChanged() {
+    std::scoped_lock lk{m_lock};
+    if (m_window_system) {
+        m_window_system->OnOperationModeChanged();
+    }
+}
+
+void AppletManager::SetWindowSystem(WindowSystem* window_system) {
+    std::unique_lock lk{m_lock};
+
+    m_window_system = window_system;
+    if (!m_window_system) {
         return;
     }
 
-        applet = it->second;
+    m_cv.wait(lk, [&] { return m_pending_process != nullptr; });
-        m_applets.erase(it);
 
-        should_stop = m_applets.empty();
+    const auto& params = m_pending_parameters;
-    }
+    auto applet = std::make_shared<Applet>(m_system, std::move(m_pending_process),
+                                           params.applet_id == AppletId::Application);
 
-    // Terminate process.
-    applet->process->Terminate();
-
-    // If there were no applets left, stop emulation.
-    if (should_stop) {
-        m_system.Exit();
-    }
-}
-
-void AppletManager::CreateAndInsertByFrontendAppletParameters(
-    AppletResourceUserId aruid, const FrontendAppletParameters& params) {
-    // TODO: this should be run inside AM so that the events will have a parent process
-    // TODO: have am create the guest process
-    auto applet = std::make_shared<Applet>(m_system, std::make_unique<Process>(m_system));
-
-    applet->aruid = aruid;
     applet->program_id = params.program_id;
     applet->applet_id = params.applet_id;
     applet->type = params.applet_type;
@@ -322,59 +320,19 @@ void AppletManager::CreateAndInsertByFrontendAppletParameters(
     }
 
     // Applet was started by frontend, so it is foreground.
-    applet->message_queue.PushMessage(AppletMessage::ChangeIntoForeground);
+    applet->lifecycle_manager.SetFocusState(FocusState::InFocus);
-    applet->message_queue.PushMessage(AppletMessage::FocusStateChanged);
-    applet->focus_state = FocusState::InFocus;
 
-    this->InsertApplet(std::move(applet));
+    if (applet->applet_id == AppletId::QLaunch) {
-}
+        applet->lifecycle_manager.SetFocusHandlingMode(false);
-
+        applet->lifecycle_manager.SetOutOfFocusSuspendingEnabled(false);
-std::shared_ptr<Applet> AppletManager::GetByAppletResourceUserId(AppletResourceUserId aruid) const {
+        m_window_system->TrackApplet(applet, false);
-    std::scoped_lock lk{m_lock};
+        m_window_system->RequestHomeMenuToGetForeground();
-
+    } else {
-    if (const auto it = m_applets.find(aruid); it != m_applets.end()) {
+        m_window_system->TrackApplet(applet, true);
-        return it->second;
+        m_window_system->RequestApplicationToGetForeground();
     }
 
-    return {};
+    applet->process->Run();
-}
-
-void AppletManager::Reset() {
-    std::scoped_lock lk{m_lock};
-
-    m_applets.clear();
-}
-
-void AppletManager::RequestExit() {
-    std::scoped_lock lk{m_lock};
-
-    for (const auto& [aruid, applet] : m_applets) {
-        applet->message_queue.RequestExit();
-    }
-}
-
-void AppletManager::RequestResume() {
-    std::scoped_lock lk{m_lock};
-
-    for (const auto& [aruid, applet] : m_applets) {
-        applet->message_queue.RequestResume();
-    }
-}
-
-void AppletManager::OperationModeChanged() {
-    std::scoped_lock lk{m_lock};
-
-    for (const auto& [aruid, applet] : m_applets) {
-        applet->message_queue.OperationModeChanged();
-    }
-}
-
-void AppletManager::FocusStateChanged() {
-    std::scoped_lock lk{m_lock};
-
-    for (const auto& [aruid, applet] : m_applets) {
-        applet->message_queue.FocusStateChanged();
-    }
 }
 
 } // namespace Service::AM

src/core/hle/service/am/applet_manager.h

@@ -3,17 +3,23 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <map>
+#include <condition_variable>
 #include <mutex>
 
-#include "core/hle/service/am/applet.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/am/am_types.h"
 
 namespace Core {
 class System;
 }
 
+namespace Service {
+class Process;
+}
+
 namespace Service::AM {
 
+class WindowSystem;
+
 enum class LaunchType {
     FrontendInitiated,
     ApplicationInitiated,
@@ -33,27 +39,24 @@ public:
     explicit AppletManager(Core::System& system);
     ~AppletManager();
 
-    void InsertApplet(std::shared_ptr<Applet> applet);
+    void CreateAndInsertByFrontendAppletParameters(std::unique_ptr<Process> process,
-    void TerminateAndRemoveApplet(AppletResourceUserId aruid);
-
-    void CreateAndInsertByFrontendAppletParameters(AppletResourceUserId aruid,
                                                    const FrontendAppletParameters& params);
-    std::shared_ptr<Applet> GetByAppletResourceUserId(AppletResourceUserId aruid) const;
-
-    void Reset();
-
     void RequestExit();
-    void RequestResume();
     void OperationModeChanged();
-    void FocusStateChanged();
+
+public:
+    void SetWindowSystem(WindowSystem* window_system);
 
 private:
     Core::System& m_system;
 
-    mutable std::mutex m_lock{};
+    std::mutex m_lock;
-    std::map<AppletResourceUserId, std::shared_ptr<Applet>> m_applets{};
+    std::condition_variable m_cv;
 
-    // AudioController state goes here
+    WindowSystem* m_window_system{};
+
+    FrontendAppletParameters m_pending_parameters{};
+    std::unique_ptr<Process> m_pending_process{};
 };
 
 } // namespace Service::AM

src/core/hle/service/am/button_poller.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#include "core/core.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/am/button_poller.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/am/window_system.h"
+#include "hid_core/frontend/emulated_controller.h"
+#include "hid_core/hid_core.h"
+#include "hid_core/hid_types.h"
+
+namespace Service::AM {
+
+namespace {
+
+ButtonPressDuration ClassifyPressDuration(std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point start) {
+    using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+
+    const auto dur = std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - start;
+
+    // TODO: determine actual thresholds
+    // TODO: these are likely different for each button
+    if (dur < 500ms) {
+        return ButtonPressDuration::ShortPressing;
+    } else if (dur < 1000ms) {
+        return ButtonPressDuration::MiddlePressing;
+    } else {
+        return ButtonPressDuration::LongPressing;
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+ButtonPoller::ButtonPoller(Core::System& system, WindowSystem& window_system)
+    : m_window_system(window_system) {
+    // TODO: am reads this from the home button state in hid, which is controller-agnostic.
+    Core::HID::ControllerUpdateCallback engine_callback{
+        .on_change =
+            [this](Core::HID::ControllerTriggerType type) {
+                if (type == Core::HID::ControllerTriggerType::Button) {
+                    this->OnButtonStateChanged();
+                }
+            },
+        .is_npad_service = true,
+    };
+
+    m_handheld = system.HIDCore().GetEmulatedController(Core::HID::NpadIdType::Handheld);
+    m_handheld_key = m_handheld->SetCallback(engine_callback);
+    m_player1 = system.HIDCore().GetEmulatedController(Core::HID::NpadIdType::Player1);
+    m_player1_key = m_player1->SetCallback(engine_callback);
+}
+
+ButtonPoller::~ButtonPoller() {
+    m_handheld->DeleteCallback(m_handheld_key);
+    m_player1->DeleteCallback(m_player1_key);
+}
+
+void ButtonPoller::OnButtonStateChanged() {
+    const bool home_button =
+        m_handheld->GetHomeButtons().home.Value() || m_player1->GetHomeButtons().home.Value();
+    const bool capture_button = m_handheld->GetCaptureButtons().capture.Value() ||
+                                m_player1->GetCaptureButtons().capture.Value();
+
+    // Buttons pressed which were not previously pressed
+    if (home_button && !m_home_button_press_start) {
+        m_home_button_press_start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+    }
+    if (capture_button && !m_capture_button_press_start) {
+        m_capture_button_press_start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+    }
+    // if (power_button && !m_power_button_press_start) {
+    //     m_power_button_press_start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+    // }
+
+    // Buttons released which were previously held
+    if (!home_button && m_home_button_press_start) {
+        m_window_system.OnHomeButtonPressed(ClassifyPressDuration(*m_home_button_press_start));
+        m_home_button_press_start = std::nullopt;
+    }
+    if (!capture_button && m_capture_button_press_start) {
+        // TODO
+        m_capture_button_press_start = std::nullopt;
+    }
+    // if (!power_button && m_power_button_press_start) {
+    //     // TODO
+    //     m_power_button_press_start = std::nullopt;
+    // }
+}
+
+} // namespace Service::AM

src/core/hle/service/am/button_poller.h

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <optional>
+#include "hid_core/frontend/emulated_controller.h"
+
+namespace Core {
+namespace HID {
+class EmulatedController;
+}
+
+class System;
+} // namespace Core
+
+namespace Service::AM {
+
+class WindowSystem;
+
+class ButtonPoller {
+public:
+    explicit ButtonPoller(Core::System& system, WindowSystem& window_system);
+    ~ButtonPoller();
+
+private:
+    void OnButtonStateChanged();
+
+private:
+    WindowSystem& m_window_system;
+
+    Core::HID::EmulatedController* m_handheld{};
+    int m_handheld_key{};
+    Core::HID::EmulatedController* m_player1{};
+    int m_player1_key{};
+
+    std::optional<std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point> m_home_button_press_start{};
+    std::optional<std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point> m_capture_button_press_start{};
+    std::optional<std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point> m_power_button_press_start{};
+};
+
+} // namespace Service::AM

src/core/hle/service/am/event_observer.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#include "core/core.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/k_event.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/am/applet.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/am/event_observer.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/am/window_system.h"
+
+namespace Service::AM {
+
+enum class UserDataTag : u32 {
+    WakeupEvent,
+    AppletProcess,
+};
+
+EventObserver::EventObserver(Core::System& system, WindowSystem& window_system)
+    : m_system(system), m_context(system, "am:EventObserver"), m_window_system(window_system),
+      m_wakeup_event(m_context), m_wakeup_holder(m_wakeup_event.GetHandle()) {
+    m_window_system.SetEventObserver(this);
+    m_wakeup_holder.SetUserData(static_cast<uintptr_t>(UserDataTag::WakeupEvent));
+    m_wakeup_holder.LinkToMultiWait(std::addressof(m_multi_wait));
+    m_thread = std::thread([&] { this->ThreadFunc(); });
+}
+
+EventObserver::~EventObserver() {
+    // Signal thread and wait for processing to finish.
+    m_stop_source.request_stop();
+    m_wakeup_event.Signal();
+    m_thread.join();
+
+    // Free remaining owned sessions.
+    auto it = m_process_holder_list.begin();
+    while (it != m_process_holder_list.end()) {
+        // Get the holder.
+        auto* const holder = std::addressof(*it);
+
+        // Remove from the list.
+        it = m_process_holder_list.erase(it);
+
+        // Free the holder.
+        delete holder;
+    }
+}
+
+void EventObserver::TrackAppletProcess(Applet& applet) {
+    // Don't observe dummy processes.
+    if (!applet.process->IsInitialized()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Allocate new holder.
+    auto* holder = new ProcessHolder(applet, *applet.process);
+    holder->SetUserData(static_cast<uintptr_t>(UserDataTag::AppletProcess));
+
+    // Insert into list.
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lk{m_lock};
+        m_process_holder_list.push_back(*holder);
+        holder->LinkToMultiWait(std::addressof(m_deferred_wait_list));
+    }
+
+    // Signal wakeup.
+    m_wakeup_event.Signal();
+}
+
+void EventObserver::RequestUpdate() {
+    m_wakeup_event.Signal();
+}
+
+void EventObserver::LinkDeferred() {
+    std::scoped_lock lk{m_lock};
+    m_multi_wait.MoveAll(std::addressof(m_deferred_wait_list));
+}
+
+MultiWaitHolder* EventObserver::WaitSignaled() {
+    while (true) {
+        this->LinkDeferred();
+
+        // If we're done, return before we start waiting.
+        if (m_stop_source.stop_requested()) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        auto* selected = m_multi_wait.WaitAny(m_system.Kernel());
+        if (selected != std::addressof(m_wakeup_holder)) {
+            // Unlink the process.
+            selected->UnlinkFromMultiWait();
+        }
+
+        return selected;
+    }
+}
+
+void EventObserver::Process(MultiWaitHolder* holder) {
+    switch (static_cast<UserDataTag>(holder->GetUserData())) {
+    case UserDataTag::WakeupEvent:
+        this->OnWakeupEvent(holder);
+        break;
+    case UserDataTag::AppletProcess:
+        this->OnProcessEvent(static_cast<ProcessHolder*>(holder));
+        break;
+    default:
+        UNREACHABLE();
+    }
+}
+
+void EventObserver::OnWakeupEvent(MultiWaitHolder* holder) {
+    m_wakeup_event.Clear();
+
+    // Perform recalculation.
+    m_window_system.Update();
+}
+
+void EventObserver::OnProcessEvent(ProcessHolder* holder) {
+    // Check process state.
+    auto& applet = holder->GetApplet();
+    auto& process = holder->GetProcess();
+
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lk{m_lock, applet.lock};
+        if (process.IsTerminated()) {
+            // Destroy the holder.
+            this->DestroyAppletProcessHolderLocked(holder);
+        } else {
+            // Reset signaled state.
+            process.ResetSignal();
+
+            // Relink wakeup event.
+            holder->LinkToMultiWait(std::addressof(m_deferred_wait_list));
+        }
+
+        // Set running.
+        applet.is_process_running = process.IsRunning();
+    }
+
+    // Perform recalculation.
+    m_window_system.Update();
+}
+
+void EventObserver::DestroyAppletProcessHolderLocked(ProcessHolder* holder) {
+    // Remove from owned list.
+    m_process_holder_list.erase(m_process_holder_list.iterator_to(*holder));
+
+    // Destroy and free.
+    delete holder;
+}
+
+void EventObserver::ThreadFunc() {
+    Common::SetCurrentThreadName("am:EventObserver");
+
+    while (true) {
+        auto* signaled_holder = this->WaitSignaled();
+        if (!signaled_holder) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        this->Process(signaled_holder);
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace Service::AM

src/core/hle/service/am/event_observer.h

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common/polyfill_thread.h"
+#include "common/thread.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/kernel_helpers.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/os/event.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/os/multi_wait.h"
+
+namespace Core {
+class System;
+}
+
+namespace Service::AM {
+
+struct Applet;
+class ProcessHolder;
+class WindowSystem;
+
+class EventObserver {
+public:
+    explicit EventObserver(Core::System& system, WindowSystem& window_system);
+    ~EventObserver();
+
+    void TrackAppletProcess(Applet& applet);
+    void RequestUpdate();
+
+private:
+    void LinkDeferred();
+    MultiWaitHolder* WaitSignaled();
+    void Process(MultiWaitHolder* holder);
+    bool WaitAndProcessImpl();
+    void LoopProcess();
+
+private:
+    void OnWakeupEvent(MultiWaitHolder* holder);
+    void OnProcessEvent(ProcessHolder* holder);
+
+private:
+    void DestroyAppletProcessHolderLocked(ProcessHolder* holder);
+
+private:
+    void ThreadFunc();
+
+private:
+    // System reference and context.
+    Core::System& m_system;
+    KernelHelpers::ServiceContext m_context;
+
+    // Window manager.
+    WindowSystem& m_window_system;
+
+    // Guest event handle to wake up the event loop processor.
+    Event m_wakeup_event;
+    MultiWaitHolder m_wakeup_holder;
+
+    // Mutex to protect remaining members.
+    std::mutex m_lock{};
+
+    // List of owned process holders.
+    Common::IntrusiveListBaseTraits<ProcessHolder>::ListType m_process_holder_list;
+
+    // Multi-wait objects for new tasks.
+    MultiWait m_multi_wait;
+    MultiWait m_deferred_wait_list;
+
+    // Processing thread.
+    std::thread m_thread{};
+    std::stop_source m_stop_source{};
+};
+
+} // namespace Service::AM

src/core/hle/service/am/frontend/applets.cpp

@@ -69,7 +69,11 @@ void FrontendApplet::PushInteractiveOutData(std::shared_ptr<IStorage> storage) {
 }
 
 void FrontendApplet::Exit() {
-    applet.lock()->caller_applet_broker->SignalCompletion();
+    auto applet_ = applet.lock();
+
+    std::scoped_lock lk{applet_->lock};
+    applet_->is_completed = true;
+    applet_->state_changed_event.Signal();
 }
 
 FrontendAppletSet::FrontendAppletSet() = default;

src/core/hle/service/am/hid_registration.cpp

@@ -3,24 +3,28 @@
 
 #include "core/core.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/hid_registration.h"
-#include "core/hle/service/am/process.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/hid/hid_server.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/os/process.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/sm/sm.h"
 #include "hid_core/resource_manager.h"
 
 namespace Service::AM {
 
 HidRegistration::HidRegistration(Core::System& system, Process& process) : m_process(process) {
-    m_hid_server = system.ServiceManager().GetService<HID::IHidServer>("hid");
+    m_hid_server = system.ServiceManager().GetService<HID::IHidServer>("hid", true);
 
     if (m_process.IsInitialized()) {
         m_hid_server->GetResourceManager()->RegisterAppletResourceUserId(m_process.GetProcessId(),
                                                                          true);
+        m_hid_server->GetResourceManager()->SetAruidValidForVibration(m_process.GetProcessId(),
+                                                                      true);
     }
 }
 
 HidRegistration::~HidRegistration() {
     if (m_process.IsInitialized()) {
+        m_hid_server->GetResourceManager()->SetAruidValidForVibration(m_process.GetProcessId(),
+                                                                      false);
         m_hid_server->GetResourceManager()->UnregisterAppletResourceUserId(
             m_process.GetProcessId());
     }
@@ -28,6 +32,8 @@ HidRegistration::~HidRegistration() {
 
 void HidRegistration::EnableAppletToGetInput(bool enable) {
     if (m_process.IsInitialized()) {
+        m_hid_server->GetResourceManager()->SetAruidValidForVibration(m_process.GetProcessId(),
+                                                                      enable);
         m_hid_server->GetResourceManager()->EnableInput(m_process.GetProcessId(), enable);
     }
 }

src/core/hle/service/am/hid_registration.h

@@ -13,9 +13,11 @@ namespace Service::HID {
 class IHidServer;
 }
 
-namespace Service::AM {
+namespace Service {
-
 class Process;
+}
+
+namespace Service::AM {
 
 class HidRegistration {
 public:

src/core/hle/service/am/lifecycle_manager.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#include "common/assert.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/am/lifecycle_manager.h"
+
+namespace Service::AM {
+
+LifecycleManager::LifecycleManager(Core::System& system, KernelHelpers::ServiceContext& context,
+                                   bool is_application)
+    : m_system_event(context), m_operation_mode_changed_system_event(context),
+      m_is_application(is_application) {}
+
+LifecycleManager::~LifecycleManager() = default;
+
+Event& LifecycleManager::GetSystemEvent() {
+    return m_system_event;
+}
+
+Event& LifecycleManager::GetOperationModeChangedSystemEvent() {
+    return m_operation_mode_changed_system_event;
+}
+
+void LifecycleManager::PushUnorderedMessage(AppletMessage message) {
+    m_unordered_messages.push_back(message);
+    this->SignalSystemEventIfNeeded();
+}
+
+AppletMessage LifecycleManager::PopMessageInOrderOfPriority() {
+    if (m_has_resume) {
+        m_has_resume = false;
+        return AppletMessage::Resume;
+    }
+
+    if (m_has_acknowledged_exit != m_has_requested_exit) {
+        m_has_acknowledged_exit = m_has_requested_exit;
+        return AppletMessage::Exit;
+    }
+
+    if (m_focus_state_changed_notification_enabled) {
+        if (!m_is_application) {
+            if (m_requested_focus_state != m_acknowledged_focus_state) {
+                m_acknowledged_focus_state = m_requested_focus_state;
+                switch (m_requested_focus_state) {
+                case FocusState::InFocus:
+                    return AppletMessage::ChangeIntoForeground;
+                case FocusState::NotInFocus:
+                    return AppletMessage::ChangeIntoBackground;
+                default:
+                    ASSERT(false);
+                }
+            }
+        } else if (m_has_focus_state_changed) {
+            m_has_focus_state_changed = false;
+            return AppletMessage::FocusStateChanged;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (m_has_requested_request_to_prepare_sleep != m_has_acknowledged_request_to_prepare_sleep) {
+        m_has_acknowledged_request_to_prepare_sleep = true;
+        return AppletMessage::RequestToPrepareSleep;
+    }
+
+    if (m_requested_request_to_display_state != m_acknowledged_request_to_display_state) {
+        m_acknowledged_request_to_display_state = m_requested_request_to_display_state;
+        return AppletMessage::RequestToDisplay;
+    }
+
+    if (m_has_operation_mode_changed) {
+        m_has_operation_mode_changed = false;
+        return AppletMessage::OperationModeChanged;
+    }
+
+    if (m_has_performance_mode_changed) {
+        m_has_performance_mode_changed = false;
+        return AppletMessage::PerformanceModeChanged;
+    }
+
+    if (m_has_sd_card_removed) {
+        m_has_sd_card_removed = false;
+        return AppletMessage::SdCardRemoved;
+    }
+
+    if (m_has_sleep_required_by_high_temperature) {
+        m_has_sleep_required_by_high_temperature = false;
+        return AppletMessage::SleepRequiredByHighTemperature;
+    }
+
+    if (m_has_sleep_required_by_low_battery) {
+        m_has_sleep_required_by_low_battery = false;
+        return AppletMessage::SleepRequiredByLowBattery;
+    }
+
+    if (m_has_auto_power_down) {
+        m_has_auto_power_down = false;
+        return AppletMessage::AutoPowerDown;
+    }
+
+    if (m_has_album_screen_shot_taken) {
+        m_has_album_screen_shot_taken = false;
+        return AppletMessage::AlbumScreenShotTaken;
+    }
+
+    if (m_has_album_recording_saved) {
+        m_has_album_recording_saved = false;
+        return AppletMessage::AlbumRecordingSaved;
+    }
+
+    if (!m_unordered_messages.empty()) {
+        const auto message = m_unordered_messages.front();
+        m_unordered_messages.pop_front();
+        return message;
+    }
+
+    return AppletMessage::None;
+}
+
+bool LifecycleManager::ShouldSignalSystemEvent() {
+    if (m_focus_state_changed_notification_enabled) {
+        if (!m_is_application) {
+            if (m_requested_focus_state != m_acknowledged_focus_state) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        } else if (m_has_focus_state_changed) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return !m_unordered_messages.empty() || m_has_resume ||
+           (m_has_requested_exit != m_has_acknowledged_exit) ||
+           (m_has_requested_request_to_prepare_sleep !=
+            m_has_acknowledged_request_to_prepare_sleep) ||
+           m_has_operation_mode_changed || m_has_performance_mode_changed ||
+           m_has_sd_card_removed || m_has_sleep_required_by_high_temperature ||
+           m_has_sleep_required_by_low_battery || m_has_auto_power_down ||
+           (m_requested_request_to_display_state != m_acknowledged_request_to_display_state) ||
+           m_has_album_screen_shot_taken || m_has_album_recording_saved;
+}
+
+void LifecycleManager::OnOperationAndPerformanceModeChanged() {
+    if (m_operation_mode_changed_notification_enabled) {
+        m_has_operation_mode_changed = true;
+    }
+    if (m_performance_mode_changed_notification_enabled) {
+        m_has_performance_mode_changed = true;
+    }
+    m_operation_mode_changed_system_event.Signal();
+    this->SignalSystemEventIfNeeded();
+}
+
+void LifecycleManager::SignalSystemEventIfNeeded() {
+    // Check our cached value for the system event.
+    const bool applet_message_available = m_applet_message_available;
+
+    // If it's not current, we need to do an update, either clearing or signaling.
+    if (applet_message_available != this->ShouldSignalSystemEvent()) {
+        if (!applet_message_available) {
+            m_system_event.Signal();
+            m_applet_message_available = true;
+        } else {
+            m_system_event.Clear();
+            m_applet_message_available = false;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+bool LifecycleManager::PopMessage(AppletMessage* out_message) {
+    const auto message = this->PopMessageInOrderOfPriority();
+    this->SignalSystemEventIfNeeded();
+
+    *out_message = message;
+    return message != AppletMessage::None;
+}
+
+void LifecycleManager::SetFocusHandlingMode(bool suspend) {
+    switch (m_focus_handling_mode) {
+    case FocusHandlingMode::AlwaysSuspend:
+    case FocusHandlingMode::SuspendHomeSleep:
+        if (!suspend) {
+            // Disallow suspension.
+            m_focus_handling_mode = FocusHandlingMode::NoSuspend;
+        }
+        break;
+    case FocusHandlingMode::NoSuspend:
+        if (suspend) {
+            // Allow suspension temporally.
+            m_focus_handling_mode = FocusHandlingMode::SuspendHomeSleep;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+void LifecycleManager::SetOutOfFocusSuspendingEnabled(bool enabled) {
+    switch (m_focus_handling_mode) {
+    case FocusHandlingMode::AlwaysSuspend:
+        if (!enabled) {
+            // Allow suspension temporally.
+            m_focus_handling_mode = FocusHandlingMode::SuspendHomeSleep;
+        }
+        break;
+    case FocusHandlingMode::SuspendHomeSleep:
+    case FocusHandlingMode::NoSuspend:
+        if (enabled) {
+            // Allow suspension.
+            m_focus_handling_mode = FocusHandlingMode::AlwaysSuspend;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+void LifecycleManager::RemoveForceResumeIfPossible() {
+    // If resume is not forced, we have nothing to do.
+    if (m_suspend_mode != SuspendMode::ForceResume) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Check activity state.
+    // If we are already resumed, we can remove the forced state.
+    switch (m_activity_state) {
+    case ActivityState::ForegroundVisible:
+    case ActivityState::ForegroundObscured:
+        m_suspend_mode = SuspendMode::NoOverride;
+        return;
+
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+
+    // Check focus handling mode.
+    switch (m_focus_handling_mode) {
+    case FocusHandlingMode::AlwaysSuspend:
+    case FocusHandlingMode::SuspendHomeSleep:
+        // If the applet allows suspension, we can remove the forced state.
+        m_suspend_mode = SuspendMode::NoOverride;
+        break;
+
+    case FocusHandlingMode::NoSuspend:
+        // If the applet is not an application, we can remove the forced state.
+        // Only applications can be forced to resume.
+        if (!m_is_application) {
+            m_suspend_mode = SuspendMode::NoOverride;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+bool LifecycleManager::IsRunnable() const {
+    // If suspend is forced, return that.
+    if (m_forced_suspend) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Check suspend mode override.
+    switch (m_suspend_mode) {
+    case SuspendMode::NoOverride:
+        // Continue processing.
+        break;
+
+    case SuspendMode::ForceResume:
+        // The applet is runnable during forced resumption when its exit is requested.
+        return m_has_requested_exit;
+
+    case SuspendMode::ForceSuspend:
+        // The applet is never runnable during forced suspension.
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Always run if exit is requested.
+    if (m_has_requested_exit) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    if (m_activity_state == ActivityState::ForegroundVisible) {
+        // The applet is runnable now.
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    if (m_activity_state == ActivityState::ForegroundObscured) {
+        switch (m_focus_handling_mode) {
+        case FocusHandlingMode::AlwaysSuspend:
+            // The applet is not runnable while running the applet.
+            return false;
+
+        case FocusHandlingMode::SuspendHomeSleep:
+            // The applet is runnable while running the applet.
+            return true;
+
+        case FocusHandlingMode::NoSuspend:
+            // The applet is always runnable.
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // The activity is a suspended one.
+    // The applet should be suspended unless it has disabled suspension.
+    return m_focus_handling_mode == FocusHandlingMode::NoSuspend;
+}
+
+FocusState LifecycleManager::GetFocusStateWhileForegroundObscured() const {
+    switch (m_focus_handling_mode) {
+    case FocusHandlingMode::AlwaysSuspend:
+        // The applet never learns it has lost focus.
+        return FocusState::InFocus;
+
+    case FocusHandlingMode::SuspendHomeSleep:
+        // The applet learns it has lost focus when launching a child applet.
+        return FocusState::NotInFocus;
+
+    case FocusHandlingMode::NoSuspend:
+        // The applet always learns it has lost focus.
+        return FocusState::NotInFocus;
+
+    default:
+        UNREACHABLE();
+    }
+}
+
+FocusState LifecycleManager::GetFocusStateWhileBackground(bool is_obscured) const {
+    switch (m_focus_handling_mode) {
+    case FocusHandlingMode::AlwaysSuspend:
+        // The applet never learns it has lost focus.
+        return FocusState::InFocus;
+
+    case FocusHandlingMode::SuspendHomeSleep:
+        // The applet learns it has lost focus when launching a child applet.
+        return is_obscured ? FocusState::NotInFocus : FocusState::InFocus;
+
+    case FocusHandlingMode::NoSuspend:
+        // The applet always learns it has lost focus.
+        return m_is_application ? FocusState::Background : FocusState::NotInFocus;
+
+    default:
+        UNREACHABLE();
+    }
+}
+
+bool LifecycleManager::UpdateRequestedFocusState() {
+    FocusState new_state{};
+
+    if (m_suspend_mode == SuspendMode::NoOverride) {
+        // With no forced suspend or resume, we take the focus state designated
+        // by the combination of the activity flag and the focus handling mode.
+        switch (m_activity_state) {
+        case ActivityState::ForegroundVisible:
+            new_state = FocusState::InFocus;
+            break;
+
+        case ActivityState::ForegroundObscured:
+            new_state = this->GetFocusStateWhileForegroundObscured();
+            break;
+
+        case ActivityState::BackgroundVisible:
+            new_state = this->GetFocusStateWhileBackground(false);
+            break;
+
+        case ActivityState::BackgroundObscured:
+            new_state = this->GetFocusStateWhileBackground(true);
+            break;
+
+        default:
+            UNREACHABLE();
+        }
+    } else {
+        // With forced suspend or resume, the applet is guaranteed to be background.
+        new_state = this->GetFocusStateWhileBackground(false);
+    }
+
+    if (new_state != m_requested_focus_state) {
+        // Mark the focus state as ready for update.
+        m_requested_focus_state = new_state;
+
+        // We changed the focus state.
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // We didn't change the focus state.
+    return false;
+}
+
+} // namespace Service::AM

src/core/hle/service/am/lifecycle_manager.h

@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <list>
+
+#include "core/hle/service/am/am_types.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/os/event.h"
+
+namespace Core {
+class System;
+}
+
+namespace Service::AM {
+
+enum class ActivityState : u32 {
+    ForegroundVisible = 0,
+    ForegroundObscured = 1,
+    BackgroundVisible = 2,
+    BackgroundObscured = 3,
+};
+
+enum class FocusHandlingMode : u32 {
+    AlwaysSuspend = 0,
+    SuspendHomeSleep = 1,
+    NoSuspend = 2,
+};
+
+enum class SuspendMode : u32 {
+    NoOverride = 0,
+    ForceResume = 1,
+    ForceSuspend = 2,
+};
+
+class LifecycleManager {
+public:
+    explicit LifecycleManager(Core::System& system, KernelHelpers::ServiceContext& context,
+                              bool is_application);
+    ~LifecycleManager();
+
+public:
+    Event& GetSystemEvent();
+    Event& GetOperationModeChangedSystemEvent();
+
+public:
+    bool IsApplication() {
+        return m_is_application;
+    }
+
+    bool GetForcedSuspend() {
+        return m_forced_suspend;
+    }
+
+    bool GetExitRequested() {
+        return m_has_requested_exit;
+    }
+
+    ActivityState GetActivityState() {
+        return m_activity_state;
+    }
+
+    FocusState GetAndClearFocusState() {
+        m_acknowledged_focus_state = m_requested_focus_state;
+        return m_acknowledged_focus_state;
+    }
+
+    void SetFocusState(FocusState state) {
+        if (m_requested_focus_state != state) {
+            m_has_focus_state_changed = true;
+        }
+        m_requested_focus_state = state;
+        this->SignalSystemEventIfNeeded();
+    }
+
+    void RequestExit() {
+        m_has_requested_exit = true;
+        this->SignalSystemEventIfNeeded();
+    }
+
+    void RequestResumeNotification() {
+        // NOTE: this appears to be a bug in am.
+        // If an applet makes a concurrent request to receive resume notifications
+        // while it is being suspended, the first resume notification will be lost.
+        // This is not the case with other notification types.
+        if (m_resume_notification_enabled) {
+            m_has_resume = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void OnOperationAndPerformanceModeChanged();
+
+public:
+    void SetFocusStateChangedNotificationEnabled(bool enabled) {
+        m_focus_state_changed_notification_enabled = enabled;
+        this->SignalSystemEventIfNeeded();
+    }
+
+    void SetOperationModeChangedNotificationEnabled(bool enabled) {
+        m_operation_mode_changed_notification_enabled = enabled;
+        this->SignalSystemEventIfNeeded();
+    }
+
+    void SetPerformanceModeChangedNotificationEnabled(bool enabled) {
+        m_performance_mode_changed_notification_enabled = enabled;
+        this->SignalSystemEventIfNeeded();
+    }
+
+    void SetResumeNotificationEnabled(bool enabled) {
+        m_resume_notification_enabled = enabled;
+    }
+
+    void SetActivityState(ActivityState state) {
+        m_activity_state = state;
+    }
+
+    void SetSuspendMode(SuspendMode mode) {
+        m_suspend_mode = mode;
+    }
+
+    void SetForcedSuspend(bool enabled) {
+        m_forced_suspend = enabled;
+    }
+
+public:
+    void SetFocusHandlingMode(bool suspend);
+    void SetOutOfFocusSuspendingEnabled(bool enabled);
+    void RemoveForceResumeIfPossible();
+    bool IsRunnable() const;
+    bool UpdateRequestedFocusState();
+    void SignalSystemEventIfNeeded();
+
+public:
+    void PushUnorderedMessage(AppletMessage message);
+    bool PopMessage(AppletMessage* out_message);
+
+private:
+    FocusState GetFocusStateWhileForegroundObscured() const;
+    FocusState GetFocusStateWhileBackground(bool is_obscured) const;
+
+private:
+    AppletMessage PopMessageInOrderOfPriority();
+    bool ShouldSignalSystemEvent();
+
+private:
+    Event m_system_event;
+    Event m_operation_mode_changed_system_event;
+
+    std::list<AppletMessage> m_unordered_messages{};
+
+    bool m_is_application{};
+    bool m_focus_state_changed_notification_enabled{true};
+    bool m_operation_mode_changed_notification_enabled{true};
+    bool m_performance_mode_changed_notification_enabled{true};
+    bool m_resume_notification_enabled{};
+
+    bool m_requested_request_to_display_state{};
+    bool m_acknowledged_request_to_display_state{};
+    bool m_has_resume{};
+    bool m_has_focus_state_changed{true};
+    bool m_has_album_recording_saved{};
+    bool m_has_album_screen_shot_taken{};
+    bool m_has_auto_power_down{};
+    bool m_has_sleep_required_by_low_battery{};
+    bool m_has_sleep_required_by_high_temperature{};
+    bool m_has_sd_card_removed{};
+    bool m_has_performance_mode_changed{};
+    bool m_has_operation_mode_changed{};
+    bool m_has_requested_request_to_prepare_sleep{};
+    bool m_has_acknowledged_request_to_prepare_sleep{};
+    bool m_has_requested_exit{};
+    bool m_has_acknowledged_exit{};
+    bool m_applet_message_available{};
+
+    bool m_forced_suspend{};
+    FocusHandlingMode m_focus_handling_mode{FocusHandlingMode::SuspendHomeSleep};
+    ActivityState m_activity_state{ActivityState::ForegroundVisible};
+    SuspendMode m_suspend_mode{SuspendMode::NoOverride};
+    FocusState m_requested_focus_state{};
+    FocusState m_acknowledged_focus_state{};
+};
+
+} // namespace Service::AM

src/core/hle/service/am/process_creation.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#include "core/core.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/content_archive.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/nca_metadata.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/patch_manager.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/registered_cache.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/romfs_factory.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/am/process_creation.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/glue/glue_manager.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/os/process.h"
+#include "core/loader/loader.h"
+
+namespace Service::AM {
+
+namespace {
+
+FileSys::StorageId GetStorageIdForFrontendSlot(
+    std::optional<FileSys::ContentProviderUnionSlot> slot) {
+    if (!slot.has_value()) {
+        return FileSys::StorageId::None;
+    }
+
+    switch (*slot) {
+    case FileSys::ContentProviderUnionSlot::UserNAND:
+        return FileSys::StorageId::NandUser;
+    case FileSys::ContentProviderUnionSlot::SysNAND:
+        return FileSys::StorageId::NandSystem;
+    case FileSys::ContentProviderUnionSlot::SDMC:
+        return FileSys::StorageId::SdCard;
+    case FileSys::ContentProviderUnionSlot::FrontendManual:
+        return FileSys::StorageId::Host;
+    default:
+        return FileSys::StorageId::None;
+    }
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<Process> CreateProcessImpl(std::unique_ptr<Loader::AppLoader>& out_loader,
+                                           Loader::ResultStatus& out_load_result,
+                                           Core::System& system, FileSys::VirtualFile file,
+                                           u64 program_id, u64 program_index) {
+    // Get the appropriate loader to parse this NCA.
+    out_loader = Loader::GetLoader(system, file, program_id, program_index);
+
+    // Ensure we have a loader which can parse the NCA.
+    if (!out_loader) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // Try to load the process.
+    auto process = std::make_unique<Process>(system);
+    if (process->Initialize(*out_loader, out_load_result)) {
+        return process;
+    }
+
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+} // Anonymous namespace
+
+std::unique_ptr<Process> CreateProcess(Core::System& system, u64 program_id,
+                                       u8 minimum_key_generation, u8 maximum_key_generation) {
+    // Attempt to load program NCA.
+    FileSys::VirtualFile nca_raw{};
+
+    // Get the program NCA from storage.
+    auto& storage = system.GetContentProviderUnion();
+    nca_raw = storage.GetEntryRaw(program_id, FileSys::ContentRecordType::Program);
+
+    // Ensure we retrieved a program NCA.
+    if (!nca_raw) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // Ensure we have a suitable version.
+    if (minimum_key_generation > 0) {
+        FileSys::NCA nca(nca_raw);
+        if (nca.GetStatus() == Loader::ResultStatus::Success &&
+            (nca.GetKeyGeneration() < minimum_key_generation ||
+             nca.GetKeyGeneration() > maximum_key_generation)) {
+            LOG_WARNING(Service_LDR, "Skipping program {:016X} with generation {}", program_id,
+                        nca.GetKeyGeneration());
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<Loader::AppLoader> loader;
+    Loader::ResultStatus status;
+    return CreateProcessImpl(loader, status, system, nca_raw, program_id, 0);
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<Process> CreateApplicationProcess(std::vector<u8>& out_control,
+                                                  std::unique_ptr<Loader::AppLoader>& out_loader,
+                                                  Loader::ResultStatus& out_load_result,
+                                                  Core::System& system, FileSys::VirtualFile file,
+                                                  u64 program_id, u64 program_index) {
+    auto process =
+        CreateProcessImpl(out_loader, out_load_result, system, file, program_id, program_index);
+    if (!process) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    FileSys::NACP nacp;
+    if (out_loader->ReadControlData(nacp) == Loader::ResultStatus::Success) {
+        out_control = nacp.GetRawBytes();
+    } else {
+        out_control.resize(sizeof(FileSys::RawNACP));
+    }
+
+    auto& storage = system.GetContentProviderUnion();
+    Service::Glue::ApplicationLaunchProperty launch{};
+    launch.title_id = process->GetProgramId();
+
+    FileSys::PatchManager pm{launch.title_id, system.GetFileSystemController(), storage};
+    launch.version = pm.GetGameVersion().value_or(0);
+
+    // TODO(DarkLordZach): When FSController/Game Card Support is added, if
+    // current_process_game_card use correct StorageId
+    launch.base_game_storage_id = GetStorageIdForFrontendSlot(
+        storage.GetSlotForEntry(launch.title_id, FileSys::ContentRecordType::Program));
+    launch.update_storage_id = GetStorageIdForFrontendSlot(storage.GetSlotForEntry(
+        FileSys::GetUpdateTitleID(launch.title_id), FileSys::ContentRecordType::Program));
+
+    system.GetARPManager().Register(launch.title_id, launch, out_control);
+
+    return process;
+}
+
+} // namespace Service::AM

src/core/hle/service/am/process_creation.h

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/vfs/vfs_types.h"
+
+namespace Core {
+class System;
+}
+
+namespace Loader {
+class AppLoader;
+enum class ResultStatus : u16;
+} // namespace Loader
+
+namespace Service {
+class Process;
+}
+
+namespace Service::AM {
+
+std::unique_ptr<Process> CreateProcess(Core::System& system, u64 program_id,
+                                       u8 minimum_key_generation, u8 maximum_key_generation);
+std::unique_ptr<Process> CreateApplicationProcess(std::vector<u8>& out_control,
+                                                  std::unique_ptr<Loader::AppLoader>& out_loader,
+                                                  Loader::ResultStatus& out_load_result,
+                                                  Core::System& system, FileSys::VirtualFile file,
+                                                  u64 program_id, u64 program_index);
+
+} // namespace Service::AM

src/core/hle/service/am/process_holder.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#include "core/hle/kernel/k_process.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/am/process_holder.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/os/process.h"
+
+namespace Service::AM {
+
+ProcessHolder::ProcessHolder(Applet& applet, Process& process)
+    : MultiWaitHolder(process.GetHandle()), m_applet(applet), m_process(process) {}
+
+ProcessHolder::~ProcessHolder() = default;
+
+} // namespace Service::AM

src/core/hle/service/am/process_holder.h

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "core/hle/service/os/multi_wait_holder.h"
+
+namespace Service {
+class Process;
+}
+
+namespace Service::AM {
+
+struct Applet;
+
+class ProcessHolder : public MultiWaitHolder, public Common::IntrusiveListBaseNode<ProcessHolder> {
+public:
+    explicit ProcessHolder(Applet& applet, Process& process);
+    ~ProcessHolder();
+
+    Applet& GetApplet() const {
+        return m_applet;
+    }
+
+    Process& GetProcess() const {
+        return m_process;
+    }
+
+private:
+    Applet& m_applet;
+    Process& m_process;
+};
+
+} // namespace Service::AM

src/core/hle/service/am/service/all_system_applet_proxies_service.cpp

@@ -6,12 +6,14 @@
 #include "core/hle/service/am/service/all_system_applet_proxies_service.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/service/library_applet_proxy.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/service/system_applet_proxy.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/am/window_system.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/cmif_serialization.h"
 
 namespace Service::AM {
 
-IAllSystemAppletProxiesService::IAllSystemAppletProxiesService(Core::System& system_)
+IAllSystemAppletProxiesService::IAllSystemAppletProxiesService(Core::System& system_,
-    : ServiceFramework{system_, "appletAE"} {
+                                                               WindowSystem& window_system)
+    : ServiceFramework{system_, "appletAE"}, m_window_system{window_system} {
     // clang-format off
     static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
         {100, D<&IAllSystemAppletProxiesService::OpenSystemAppletProxy>, "OpenSystemAppletProxy"},
@@ -36,8 +38,8 @@ Result IAllSystemAppletProxiesService::OpenSystemAppletProxy(
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "called");
 
     if (const auto applet = this->GetAppletFromProcessId(pid); applet) {
-        *out_system_applet_proxy =
+        *out_system_applet_proxy = std::make_shared<ISystemAppletProxy>(
-            std::make_shared<ISystemAppletProxy>(system, applet, process_handle.Get());
+            system, applet, process_handle.Get(), m_window_system);
         R_SUCCEED();
     } else {
         UNIMPLEMENTED();
@@ -52,8 +54,8 @@ Result IAllSystemAppletProxiesService::OpenLibraryAppletProxy(
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "called");
 
     if (const auto applet = this->GetAppletFromProcessId(pid); applet) {
-        *out_library_applet_proxy =
+        *out_library_applet_proxy = std::make_shared<ILibraryAppletProxy>(
-            std::make_shared<ILibraryAppletProxy>(system, applet, process_handle.Get());
+            system, applet, process_handle.Get(), m_window_system);
         R_SUCCEED();
     } else {
         UNIMPLEMENTED();
@@ -73,7 +75,7 @@ Result IAllSystemAppletProxiesService::OpenLibraryAppletProxyOld(
 
 std::shared_ptr<Applet> IAllSystemAppletProxiesService::GetAppletFromProcessId(
     ProcessId process_id) {
-    return system.GetAppletManager().GetByAppletResourceUserId(process_id.pid);
+    return m_window_system.GetByAppletResourceUserId(process_id.pid);
 }
 
 } // namespace Service::AM

src/core/hle/service/am/service/all_system_applet_proxies_service.h

@@ -14,11 +14,12 @@ struct Applet;
 struct AppletAttribute;
 class ILibraryAppletProxy;
 class ISystemAppletProxy;
+class WindowSystem;
 
 class IAllSystemAppletProxiesService final
     : public ServiceFramework<IAllSystemAppletProxiesService> {
 public:
-    explicit IAllSystemAppletProxiesService(Core::System& system_);
+    explicit IAllSystemAppletProxiesService(Core::System& system_, WindowSystem& window_system);
     ~IAllSystemAppletProxiesService() override;
 
 private:
@@ -35,6 +36,8 @@ private:
 
 private:
     std::shared_ptr<Applet> GetAppletFromProcessId(ProcessId pid);
+
+    WindowSystem& m_window_system;
 };
 
 } // namespace AM

src/core/hle/service/am/service/applet_common_functions.cpp

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ IAppletCommonFunctions::IAppletCommonFunctions(Core::System& system_,
         {21, nullptr, "TryPopFromAppletBoundChannel"},
         {40, nullptr, "GetDisplayLogicalResolution"},
         {42, nullptr, "SetDisplayMagnification"},
-        {50, nullptr, "SetHomeButtonDoubleClickEnabled"},
+        {50, D<&IAppletCommonFunctions::SetHomeButtonDoubleClickEnabled>, "SetHomeButtonDoubleClickEnabled"},
         {51, D<&IAppletCommonFunctions::GetHomeButtonDoubleClickEnabled>, "GetHomeButtonDoubleClickEnabled"},
         {52, nullptr, "IsHomeButtonShortPressedBlocked"},
         {60, nullptr, "IsVrModeCurtainRequired"},
@@ -40,6 +40,13 @@ IAppletCommonFunctions::IAppletCommonFunctions(Core::System& system_,
 
 IAppletCommonFunctions::~IAppletCommonFunctions() = default;
 
+Result IAppletCommonFunctions::SetHomeButtonDoubleClickEnabled(
+    bool home_button_double_click_enabled) {
+    LOG_WARNING(Service_AM, "(STUBBED) called, home_button_double_click_enabled={}",
+                home_button_double_click_enabled);
+    R_SUCCEED();
+}
+
 Result IAppletCommonFunctions::GetHomeButtonDoubleClickEnabled(
     Out<bool> out_home_button_double_click_enabled) {
     LOG_WARNING(Service_AM, "(STUBBED) called");

src/core/hle/service/am/service/applet_common_functions.h

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ public:
     ~IAppletCommonFunctions() override;
 
 private:
+    Result SetHomeButtonDoubleClickEnabled(bool home_button_double_click_enabled);
     Result GetHomeButtonDoubleClickEnabled(Out<bool> out_home_button_double_click_enabled);
     Result SetCpuBoostRequestPriority(s32 priority);
     Result GetCurrentApplicationId(Out<u64> out_application_id);

src/core/hle/service/am/service/application_accessor.cpp

@@ -9,12 +9,16 @@
 #include "core/hle/service/am/service/application_accessor.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/service/library_applet_accessor.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/service/storage.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/am/window_system.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/cmif_serialization.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/glue/glue_manager.h"
 
 namespace Service::AM {
 
-IApplicationAccessor::IApplicationAccessor(Core::System& system_, std::shared_ptr<Applet> applet)
+IApplicationAccessor::IApplicationAccessor(Core::System& system_, std::shared_ptr<Applet> applet,
-    : ServiceFramework{system_, "IApplicationAccessor"}, m_applet(std::move(applet)) {
+                                           WindowSystem& window_system)
+    : ServiceFramework{system_, "IApplicationAccessor"}, m_window_system(window_system),
+      m_applet(std::move(applet)) {
     // clang-format off
     static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
         {0, D<&IApplicationAccessor::GetAppletStateChangedEvent>, "GetAppletStateChangedEvent"},
@@ -59,7 +63,15 @@ Result IApplicationAccessor::Start() {
 
 Result IApplicationAccessor::RequestExit() {
     LOG_INFO(Service_AM, "called");
-    m_applet->message_queue.RequestExit();
+
+    std::scoped_lock lk{m_applet->lock};
+    if (m_applet->exit_locked) {
+        m_applet->lifecycle_manager.RequestExit();
+        m_applet->UpdateSuspensionStateLocked(true);
+    } else {
+        m_applet->process->Terminate();
+    }
+
     R_SUCCEED();
 }
 
@@ -71,13 +83,14 @@ Result IApplicationAccessor::Terminate() {
 
 Result IApplicationAccessor::GetResult() {
     LOG_INFO(Service_AM, "called");
-    R_SUCCEED();
+    std::scoped_lock lk{m_applet->lock};
+    R_RETURN(m_applet->terminate_result);
 }
 
 Result IApplicationAccessor::GetAppletStateChangedEvent(
     OutCopyHandle<Kernel::KReadableEvent> out_event) {
     LOG_INFO(Service_AM, "called");
-    *out_event = m_applet->caller_applet_broker->GetStateChangedEvent().GetHandle();
+    *out_event = m_applet->state_changed_event.GetHandle();
     R_SUCCEED();
 }
 
@@ -96,8 +109,15 @@ Result IApplicationAccessor::PushLaunchParameter(LaunchParameterKind kind,
 
 Result IApplicationAccessor::GetApplicationControlProperty(
     OutBuffer<BufferAttr_HipcMapAlias> out_control_property) {
-    LOG_WARNING(Service_AM, "(STUBBED) called");
+    LOG_INFO(Service_AM, "called");
-    R_THROW(ResultUnknown);
+
+    std::vector<u8> nacp;
+    R_TRY(system.GetARPManager().GetControlProperty(&nacp, m_applet->program_id));
+
+    std::memcpy(out_control_property.data(), nacp.data(),
+                std::min(out_control_property.size(), nacp.size()));
+
+    R_SUCCEED();
 }
 
 Result IApplicationAccessor::SetUsers(bool enable,
@@ -114,8 +134,9 @@ Result IApplicationAccessor::GetCurrentLibraryApplet(
 }
 
 Result IApplicationAccessor::RequestForApplicationToGetForeground() {
-    LOG_WARNING(Service_AM, "(STUBBED) called");
+    LOG_INFO(Service_AM, "called");
-    R_THROW(ResultUnknown);
+    m_window_system.RequestApplicationToGetForeground();
+    R_SUCCEED();
 }
 
 Result IApplicationAccessor::CheckRightsEnvironmentAvailable(Out<bool> out_is_available) {

src/core/hle/service/am/service/application_accessor.h

@@ -13,10 +13,12 @@ namespace Service::AM {
 struct Applet;
 class ILibraryAppletAccessor;
 class IStorage;
+class WindowSystem;
 
 class IApplicationAccessor final : public ServiceFramework<IApplicationAccessor> {
 public:
-    explicit IApplicationAccessor(Core::System& system_, std::shared_ptr<Applet> applet);
+    explicit IApplicationAccessor(Core::System& system_, std::shared_ptr<Applet> applet,
+                                  WindowSystem& window_system);
     ~IApplicationAccessor() override;
 
 private:
@@ -34,6 +36,7 @@ private:
     Result GetNsRightsEnvironmentHandle(Out<u64> out_handle);
     Result ReportApplicationExitTimeout();
 
+    WindowSystem& m_window_system;
     const std::shared_ptr<Applet> m_applet;
 };
 

src/core/hle/service/am/service/application_creator.cpp

@@ -1,17 +1,57 @@
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
+#include "core/file_sys/nca_metadata.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/registered_cache.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/am_types.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/applet.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/applet_manager.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/am/process_creation.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/service/application_accessor.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/service/application_creator.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/am/window_system.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/cmif_serialization.h"
+#include "core/loader/loader.h"
 
 namespace Service::AM {
 
-IApplicationCreator::IApplicationCreator(Core::System& system_)
+namespace {
-    : ServiceFramework{system_, "IApplicationCreator"} {
+
+Result CreateGuestApplication(SharedPointer<IApplicationAccessor>* out_application_accessor,
+                              Core::System& system, WindowSystem& window_system, u64 program_id) {
+    FileSys::VirtualFile nca_raw{};
+
+    // Get the program NCA from storage.
+    auto& storage = system.GetContentProviderUnion();
+    nca_raw = storage.GetEntryRaw(program_id, FileSys::ContentRecordType::Program);
+
+    // Ensure we retrieved a program NCA.
+    R_UNLESS(nca_raw != nullptr, ResultUnknown);
+
+    std::vector<u8> control;
+    std::unique_ptr<Loader::AppLoader> loader;
+    Loader::ResultStatus result;
+    auto process =
+        CreateApplicationProcess(control, loader, result, system, nca_raw, program_id, 0);
+    R_UNLESS(process != nullptr, ResultUnknown);
+
+    const auto applet = std::make_shared<Applet>(system, std::move(process), true);
+    applet->program_id = program_id;
+    applet->applet_id = AppletId::Application;
+    applet->type = AppletType::Application;
+    applet->library_applet_mode = LibraryAppletMode::AllForeground;
+
+    window_system.TrackApplet(applet, true);
+
+    *out_application_accessor =
+        std::make_shared<IApplicationAccessor>(system, applet, window_system);
+    R_SUCCEED();
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+IApplicationCreator::IApplicationCreator(Core::System& system_, WindowSystem& window_system)
+    : ServiceFramework{system_, "IApplicationCreator"}, m_window_system{window_system} {
     // clang-format off
     static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
         {0, D<&IApplicationCreator::CreateApplication>, "CreateApplication"},
@@ -28,8 +68,9 @@ IApplicationCreator::~IApplicationCreator() = default;
 
 Result IApplicationCreator::CreateApplication(
     Out<SharedPointer<IApplicationAccessor>> out_application_accessor, u64 application_id) {
-    LOG_ERROR(Service_NS, "called, application_id={:x}", application_id);
+    LOG_INFO(Service_NS, "called, application_id={:016X}", application_id);
-    R_THROW(ResultUnknown);
+    R_RETURN(
+        CreateGuestApplication(out_application_accessor, system, m_window_system, application_id));
 }
 
 } // namespace Service::AM

src/core/hle/service/am/service/application_creator.h

@@ -10,14 +10,17 @@ namespace Service::AM {
 
 class IApplicationAccessor;
 struct Applet;
+class WindowSystem;
 
 class IApplicationCreator final : public ServiceFramework<IApplicationCreator> {
 public:
-    explicit IApplicationCreator(Core::System& system_);
+    explicit IApplicationCreator(Core::System& system_, WindowSystem& window_system);
     ~IApplicationCreator() override;
 
 private:
     Result CreateApplication(Out<SharedPointer<IApplicationAccessor>>, u64 application_id);
+
+    WindowSystem& m_window_system;
 };
 
 } // namespace Service::AM

src/core/hle/service/am/service/application_functions.cpp

@@ -181,7 +181,8 @@ Result IApplicationFunctions::GetDesiredLanguage(Out<u64> out_language_code) {
 }
 
 Result IApplicationFunctions::SetTerminateResult(Result terminate_result) {
-    LOG_INFO(Service_AM, "(STUBBED) called, result={:#x} ({}-{})", terminate_result.GetInnerValue(),
+    LOG_INFO(Service_AM, "(STUBBED) called, result={:#x} ({:04}-{:04})",
+             terminate_result.GetInnerValue(),
              static_cast<u32>(terminate_result.GetModule()) + 2000,
              terminate_result.GetDescription());
 

src/core/hle/service/am/service/application_proxy.cpp

@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@
 namespace Service::AM {
 
 IApplicationProxy::IApplicationProxy(Core::System& system_, std::shared_ptr<Applet> applet,
-                                     Kernel::KProcess* process)
+                                     Kernel::KProcess* process, WindowSystem& window_system)
-    : ServiceFramework{system_, "IApplicationProxy"}, m_process{process}, m_applet{
+    : ServiceFramework{system_, "IApplicationProxy"},
-                                                                              std::move(applet)} {
+      m_window_system{window_system}, m_process{process}, m_applet{std::move(applet)} {
     // clang-format off
     static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
         {0, D<&IApplicationProxy::GetCommonStateGetter>, "GetCommonStateGetter"},
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ Result IApplicationProxy::GetDebugFunctions(
 Result IApplicationProxy::GetWindowController(
     Out<SharedPointer<IWindowController>> out_window_controller) {
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "called");
-    *out_window_controller = std::make_shared<IWindowController>(system, m_applet);
+    *out_window_controller = std::make_shared<IWindowController>(system, m_applet, m_window_system);
     R_SUCCEED();
 }
 
@@ -91,7 +91,8 @@ Result IApplicationProxy::GetCommonStateGetter(
 Result IApplicationProxy::GetLibraryAppletCreator(
     Out<SharedPointer<ILibraryAppletCreator>> out_library_applet_creator) {
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "called");
-    *out_library_applet_creator = std::make_shared<ILibraryAppletCreator>(system, m_applet);
+    *out_library_applet_creator =
+        std::make_shared<ILibraryAppletCreator>(system, m_applet, m_window_system);
     R_SUCCEED();
 }
 

src/core/hle/service/am/service/application_proxy.h

@@ -18,11 +18,12 @@ class ILibraryAppletCreator;
 class IProcessWindingController;
 class ISelfController;
 class IWindowController;
+class WindowSystem;
 
 class IApplicationProxy final : public ServiceFramework<IApplicationProxy> {
 public:
     explicit IApplicationProxy(Core::System& system_, std::shared_ptr<Applet> applet,
-                               Kernel::KProcess* process);
+                               Kernel::KProcess* process, WindowSystem& window_system);
     ~IApplicationProxy();
 
 private:
@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ private:
         Out<SharedPointer<IApplicationFunctions>> out_application_functions);
 
 private:
+    WindowSystem& m_window_system;
     Kernel::KProcess* const m_process;
     const std::shared_ptr<Applet> m_applet;
 };

src/core/hle/service/am/service/application_proxy_service.cpp

@@ -6,12 +6,14 @@
 #include "core/hle/service/am/applet_manager.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/service/application_proxy.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/service/application_proxy_service.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/am/window_system.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/cmif_serialization.h"
 
 namespace Service::AM {
 
-IApplicationProxyService::IApplicationProxyService(Core::System& system_)
+IApplicationProxyService::IApplicationProxyService(Core::System& system_,
-    : ServiceFramework{system_, "appletOE"} {
+                                                   WindowSystem& window_system)
+    : ServiceFramework{system_, "appletOE"}, m_window_system{window_system} {
     static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
         {0, D<&IApplicationProxyService::OpenApplicationProxy>, "OpenApplicationProxy"},
     };
@@ -26,8 +28,8 @@ Result IApplicationProxyService::OpenApplicationProxy(
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "called");
 
     if (const auto applet = this->GetAppletFromProcessId(pid)) {
-        *out_application_proxy =
+        *out_application_proxy = std::make_shared<IApplicationProxy>(
-            std::make_shared<IApplicationProxy>(system, applet, process_handle.Get());
+            system, applet, process_handle.Get(), m_window_system);
         R_SUCCEED();
     } else {
         UNIMPLEMENTED();
@@ -36,7 +38,7 @@ Result IApplicationProxyService::OpenApplicationProxy(
 }
 
 std::shared_ptr<Applet> IApplicationProxyService::GetAppletFromProcessId(ProcessId process_id) {
-    return system.GetAppletManager().GetByAppletResourceUserId(process_id.pid);
+    return m_window_system.GetByAppletResourceUserId(process_id.pid);
 }
 
 } // namespace Service::AM

src/core/hle/service/am/service/application_proxy_service.h

@@ -12,10 +12,11 @@ namespace AM {
 
 struct Applet;
 class IApplicationProxy;
+class WindowSystem;
 
 class IApplicationProxyService final : public ServiceFramework<IApplicationProxyService> {
 public:
-    explicit IApplicationProxyService(Core::System& system_);
+    explicit IApplicationProxyService(Core::System& system_, WindowSystem& window_system);
     ~IApplicationProxyService() override;
 
 private:
@@ -24,6 +25,8 @@ private:
 
 private:
     std::shared_ptr<Applet> GetAppletFromProcessId(ProcessId pid);
+
+    WindowSystem& m_window_system;
 };
 
 } // namespace AM

src/core/hle/service/am/service/common_state_getter.cpp

@@ -80,15 +80,14 @@ ICommonStateGetter::~ICommonStateGetter() = default;
 
 Result ICommonStateGetter::GetEventHandle(OutCopyHandle<Kernel::KReadableEvent> out_event) {
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "called");
-    *out_event = &m_applet->message_queue.GetMessageReceiveEvent();
+    *out_event = m_applet->lifecycle_manager.GetSystemEvent().GetHandle();
     R_SUCCEED();
 }
 
 Result ICommonStateGetter::ReceiveMessage(Out<AppletMessage> out_applet_message) {
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "called");
 
-    *out_applet_message = m_applet->message_queue.PopMessage();
+    if (!m_applet->lifecycle_manager.PopMessage(out_applet_message)) {
-    if (*out_applet_message == AppletMessage::None) {
         LOG_ERROR(Service_AM, "Tried to pop message but none was available!");
         R_THROW(AM::ResultNoMessages);
     }
@@ -100,7 +99,7 @@ Result ICommonStateGetter::GetCurrentFocusState(Out<FocusState> out_focus_state)
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "called");
 
     std::scoped_lock lk{m_applet->lock};
-    *out_focus_state = m_applet->focus_state;
+    *out_focus_state = m_applet->lifecycle_manager.GetAndClearFocusState();
 
     R_SUCCEED();
 }
@@ -137,7 +136,7 @@ Result ICommonStateGetter::GetWriterLockAccessorEx(
 Result ICommonStateGetter::GetDefaultDisplayResolutionChangeEvent(
     OutCopyHandle<Kernel::KReadableEvent> out_event) {
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "called");
-    *out_event = &m_applet->message_queue.GetOperationModeChangedEvent();
+    *out_event = m_applet->lifecycle_manager.GetOperationModeChangedSystemEvent().GetHandle();
     R_SUCCEED();
 }
 

src/core/hle/service/am/service/home_menu_functions.cpp

@@ -4,13 +4,16 @@
 #include "core/hle/result.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/applet_manager.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/service/home_menu_functions.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/am/window_system.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/cmif_serialization.h"
 
 namespace Service::AM {
 
-IHomeMenuFunctions::IHomeMenuFunctions(Core::System& system_, std::shared_ptr<Applet> applet)
+IHomeMenuFunctions::IHomeMenuFunctions(Core::System& system_, std::shared_ptr<Applet> applet,
-    : ServiceFramework{system_, "IHomeMenuFunctions"}, m_applet{std::move(applet)},
+                                       WindowSystem& window_system)
-      m_context{system, "IHomeMenuFunctions"}, m_pop_from_general_channel_event{m_context} {
+    : ServiceFramework{system_, "IHomeMenuFunctions"}, m_window_system{window_system},
+      m_applet{std::move(applet)}, m_context{system, "IHomeMenuFunctions"},
+      m_pop_from_general_channel_event{m_context} {
     // clang-format off
     static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
         {10, D<&IHomeMenuFunctions::RequestToGetForeground>, "RequestToGetForeground"},
@@ -37,17 +40,20 @@ IHomeMenuFunctions::IHomeMenuFunctions(Core::System& system_, std::shared_ptr<Ap
 IHomeMenuFunctions::~IHomeMenuFunctions() = default;
 
 Result IHomeMenuFunctions::RequestToGetForeground() {
-    LOG_WARNING(Service_AM, "(STUBBED) called");
+    LOG_INFO(Service_AM, "called");
+    m_window_system.RequestHomeMenuToGetForeground();
     R_SUCCEED();
 }
 
 Result IHomeMenuFunctions::LockForeground() {
-    LOG_WARNING(Service_AM, "(STUBBED) called");
+    LOG_INFO(Service_AM, "called");
+    m_window_system.RequestLockHomeMenuIntoForeground();
     R_SUCCEED();
 }
 
 Result IHomeMenuFunctions::UnlockForeground() {
-    LOG_WARNING(Service_AM, "(STUBBED) called");
+    LOG_INFO(Service_AM, "called");
+    m_window_system.RequestUnlockHomeMenuIntoForeground();
     R_SUCCEED();
 }
 

src/core/hle/service/am/service/home_menu_functions.h

@@ -11,10 +11,12 @@
 namespace Service::AM {
 
 struct Applet;
+class WindowSystem;
 
 class IHomeMenuFunctions final : public ServiceFramework<IHomeMenuFunctions> {
 public:
-    explicit IHomeMenuFunctions(Core::System& system_, std::shared_ptr<Applet> applet);
+    explicit IHomeMenuFunctions(Core::System& system_, std::shared_ptr<Applet> applet,
+                                WindowSystem& window_system);
     ~IHomeMenuFunctions() override;
 
 private:
@@ -26,6 +28,7 @@ private:
     Result IsForceTerminateApplicationDisabledForDebug(
         Out<bool> out_is_force_terminate_application_disabled_for_debug);
 
+    WindowSystem& m_window_system;
     const std::shared_ptr<Applet> m_applet;
     KernelHelpers::ServiceContext m_context;
     Event m_pop_from_general_channel_event;

src/core/hle/service/am/service/library_applet_accessor.cpp

@@ -47,20 +47,21 @@ ILibraryAppletAccessor::~ILibraryAppletAccessor() = default;
 Result ILibraryAppletAccessor::GetAppletStateChangedEvent(
     OutCopyHandle<Kernel::KReadableEvent> out_event) {
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "called");
-    *out_event = m_broker->GetStateChangedEvent().GetHandle();
+    *out_event = m_applet->state_changed_event.GetHandle();
     R_SUCCEED();
 }
 
 Result ILibraryAppletAccessor::IsCompleted(Out<bool> out_is_completed) {
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "called");
-    *out_is_completed = m_broker->IsCompleted();
+    std::scoped_lock lk{m_applet->lock};
+    *out_is_completed = m_applet->is_completed;
     R_SUCCEED();
 }
 
-Result ILibraryAppletAccessor::GetResult(Out<Result> out_result) {
+Result ILibraryAppletAccessor::GetResult() {
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "called");
-    *out_result = m_applet->terminate_result;
+    std::scoped_lock lk{m_applet->lock};
-    R_SUCCEED();
+    R_RETURN(m_applet->terminate_result);
 }
 
 Result ILibraryAppletAccessor::PresetLibraryAppletGpuTimeSliceZero() {
@@ -77,7 +78,10 @@ Result ILibraryAppletAccessor::Start() {
 
 Result ILibraryAppletAccessor::RequestExit() {
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "called");
-    m_applet->message_queue.RequestExit();
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lk{m_applet->lock};
+        m_applet->lifecycle_manager.RequestExit();
+    }
     FrontendRequestExit();
     R_SUCCEED();
 }

src/core/hle/service/am/service/library_applet_accessor.h

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ public:
 private:
     Result GetAppletStateChangedEvent(OutCopyHandle<Kernel::KReadableEvent> out_event);
     Result IsCompleted(Out<bool> out_is_completed);
-    Result GetResult(Out<Result> out_result);
+    Result GetResult();
     Result PresetLibraryAppletGpuTimeSliceZero();
     Result Start();
     Result RequestExit();

src/core/hle/service/am/service/library_applet_creator.cpp

@@ -7,9 +7,11 @@
 #include "core/hle/service/am/applet_manager.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/frontend/applets.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/library_applet_storage.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/am/process_creation.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/service/library_applet_accessor.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/service/library_applet_creator.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/service/storage.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/am/window_system.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/cmif_serialization.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/sm/sm.h"
 
@@ -93,6 +95,7 @@ AppletProgramId AppletIdToProgramId(AppletId applet_id) {
 }
 
 std::shared_ptr<ILibraryAppletAccessor> CreateGuestApplet(Core::System& system,
+                                                          WindowSystem& window_system,
                                                           std::shared_ptr<Applet> caller_applet,
                                                           AppletId applet_id,
                                                           LibraryAppletMode mode) {
@@ -110,53 +113,38 @@ std::shared_ptr<ILibraryAppletAccessor> CreateGuestApplet(Core::System& system,
         Firmware1700 = 17,
     };
 
-    auto process = std::make_unique<Process>(system);
+    auto process = CreateProcess(system, program_id, Firmware1400, Firmware1700);
-    if (!process->Initialize(program_id, Firmware1400, Firmware1700)) {
+    if (!process) {
         // Couldn't initialize the guest process
         return {};
     }
 
-    const auto applet = std::make_shared<Applet>(system, std::move(process));
+    const auto applet = std::make_shared<Applet>(system, std::move(process), false);
     applet->program_id = program_id;
     applet->applet_id = applet_id;
     applet->type = AppletType::LibraryApplet;
     applet->library_applet_mode = mode;
-
+    applet->window_visible = mode != LibraryAppletMode::AllForegroundInitiallyHidden;
-    // Set focus state
-    switch (mode) {
-    case LibraryAppletMode::AllForeground:
-    case LibraryAppletMode::NoUi:
-    case LibraryAppletMode::PartialForeground:
-    case LibraryAppletMode::PartialForegroundIndirectDisplay:
-        applet->hid_registration.EnableAppletToGetInput(true);
-        applet->focus_state = FocusState::InFocus;
-        applet->message_queue.PushMessage(AppletMessage::ChangeIntoForeground);
-        break;
-    case LibraryAppletMode::AllForegroundInitiallyHidden:
-        applet->hid_registration.EnableAppletToGetInput(false);
-        applet->focus_state = FocusState::NotInFocus;
-        applet->display_layer_manager.SetWindowVisibility(false);
-        applet->message_queue.PushMessage(AppletMessage::ChangeIntoBackground);
-        break;
-    }
 
     auto broker = std::make_shared<AppletDataBroker>(system);
     applet->caller_applet = caller_applet;
     applet->caller_applet_broker = broker;
+    caller_applet->child_applets.push_back(applet);
 
-    system.GetAppletManager().InsertApplet(applet);
+    window_system.TrackApplet(applet, false);
 
     return std::make_shared<ILibraryAppletAccessor>(system, broker, applet);
 }
 
 std::shared_ptr<ILibraryAppletAccessor> CreateFrontendApplet(Core::System& system,
+                                                             WindowSystem& window_system,
                                                              std::shared_ptr<Applet> caller_applet,
                                                              AppletId applet_id,
                                                              LibraryAppletMode mode) {
     const auto program_id = static_cast<u64>(AppletIdToProgramId(applet_id));
 
     auto process = std::make_unique<Process>(system);
-    auto applet = std::make_shared<Applet>(system, std::move(process));
+    auto applet = std::make_shared<Applet>(system, std::move(process), false);
     applet->program_id = program_id;
     applet->applet_id = applet_id;
     applet->type = AppletType::LibraryApplet;
@@ -166,14 +154,19 @@ std::shared_ptr<ILibraryAppletAccessor> CreateFrontendApplet(Core::System& syste
     applet->caller_applet = caller_applet;
     applet->caller_applet_broker = storage;
     applet->frontend = system.GetFrontendAppletHolder().GetApplet(applet, applet_id, mode);
+    caller_applet->child_applets.push_back(applet);
+
+    window_system.TrackApplet(applet, false);
 
     return std::make_shared<ILibraryAppletAccessor>(system, storage, applet);
 }
 
 } // namespace
 
-ILibraryAppletCreator::ILibraryAppletCreator(Core::System& system_, std::shared_ptr<Applet> applet)
+ILibraryAppletCreator::ILibraryAppletCreator(Core::System& system_, std::shared_ptr<Applet> applet,
-    : ServiceFramework{system_, "ILibraryAppletCreator"}, m_applet{std::move(applet)} {
+                                             WindowSystem& window_system)
+    : ServiceFramework{system_, "ILibraryAppletCreator"},
+      m_window_system{window_system}, m_applet{std::move(applet)} {
     static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
         {0, D<&ILibraryAppletCreator::CreateLibraryApplet>, "CreateLibraryApplet"},
         {1, nullptr, "TerminateAllLibraryApplets"},
@@ -195,10 +188,12 @@ Result ILibraryAppletCreator::CreateLibraryApplet(
 
     std::shared_ptr<ILibraryAppletAccessor> library_applet;
     if (ShouldCreateGuestApplet(applet_id)) {
-        library_applet = CreateGuestApplet(system, m_applet, applet_id, library_applet_mode);
+        library_applet =
+            CreateGuestApplet(system, m_window_system, m_applet, applet_id, library_applet_mode);
     }
     if (!library_applet) {
-        library_applet = CreateFrontendApplet(system, m_applet, applet_id, library_applet_mode);
+        library_applet =
+            CreateFrontendApplet(system, m_window_system, m_applet, applet_id, library_applet_mode);
     }
     if (!library_applet) {
         LOG_ERROR(Service_AM, "Applet doesn't exist! applet_id={}", applet_id);

src/core/hle/service/am/service/library_applet_creator.h

@@ -12,10 +12,12 @@ namespace Service::AM {
 struct Applet;
 class ILibraryAppletAccessor;
 class IStorage;
+class WindowSystem;
 
 class ILibraryAppletCreator final : public ServiceFramework<ILibraryAppletCreator> {
 public:
-    explicit ILibraryAppletCreator(Core::System& system_, std::shared_ptr<Applet> applet);
+    explicit ILibraryAppletCreator(Core::System& system_, std::shared_ptr<Applet> applet,
+                                   WindowSystem& window_system);
     ~ILibraryAppletCreator() override;
 
 private:
@@ -29,6 +31,7 @@ private:
     Result CreateHandleStorage(Out<SharedPointer<IStorage>> out_storage, s64 size,
                                InCopyHandle<Kernel::KTransferMemory> transfer_memory_handle);
 
+    WindowSystem& m_window_system;
     const std::shared_ptr<Applet> m_applet;
 };
 

src/core/hle/service/am/service/library_applet_proxy.cpp

@@ -19,9 +19,9 @@
 namespace Service::AM {
 
 ILibraryAppletProxy::ILibraryAppletProxy(Core::System& system_, std::shared_ptr<Applet> applet,
-                                         Kernel::KProcess* process)
+                                         Kernel::KProcess* process, WindowSystem& window_system)
-    : ServiceFramework{system_, "ILibraryAppletProxy"}, m_process{process}, m_applet{
+    : ServiceFramework{system_, "ILibraryAppletProxy"},
-                                                                                std::move(applet)} {
+      m_window_system{window_system}, m_process{process}, m_applet{std::move(applet)} {
     // clang-format off
     static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
         {0, D<&ILibraryAppletProxy::GetCommonStateGetter>, "GetCommonStateGetter"},
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ Result ILibraryAppletProxy::GetDebugFunctions(
 Result ILibraryAppletProxy::GetWindowController(
     Out<SharedPointer<IWindowController>> out_window_controller) {
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "called");
-    *out_window_controller = std::make_shared<IWindowController>(system, m_applet);
+    *out_window_controller = std::make_shared<IWindowController>(system, m_applet, m_window_system);
     R_SUCCEED();
 }
 
@@ -96,7 +96,8 @@ Result ILibraryAppletProxy::GetCommonStateGetter(
 Result ILibraryAppletProxy::GetLibraryAppletCreator(
     Out<SharedPointer<ILibraryAppletCreator>> out_library_applet_creator) {
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "called");
-    *out_library_applet_creator = std::make_shared<ILibraryAppletCreator>(system, m_applet);
+    *out_library_applet_creator =
+        std::make_shared<ILibraryAppletCreator>(system, m_applet, m_window_system);
     R_SUCCEED();
 }
 
@@ -118,7 +119,8 @@ Result ILibraryAppletProxy::GetAppletCommonFunctions(
 Result ILibraryAppletProxy::GetHomeMenuFunctions(
     Out<SharedPointer<IHomeMenuFunctions>> out_home_menu_functions) {
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "called");
-    *out_home_menu_functions = std::make_shared<IHomeMenuFunctions>(system, m_applet);
+    *out_home_menu_functions =
+        std::make_shared<IHomeMenuFunctions>(system, m_applet, m_window_system);
     R_SUCCEED();
 }
 

src/core/hle/service/am/service/library_applet_proxy.h

@@ -21,11 +21,12 @@ class ILibraryAppletSelfAccessor;
 class IProcessWindingController;
 class ISelfController;
 class IWindowController;
+class WindowSystem;
 
 class ILibraryAppletProxy final : public ServiceFramework<ILibraryAppletProxy> {
 public:
     explicit ILibraryAppletProxy(Core::System& system_, std::shared_ptr<Applet> applet,
-                                 Kernel::KProcess* process);
+                                 Kernel::KProcess* process, WindowSystem& window_system);
     ~ILibraryAppletProxy();
 
 private:
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@ private:
     Result GetGlobalStateController(
         Out<SharedPointer<IGlobalStateController>> out_global_state_controller);
 
+    WindowSystem& m_window_system;
     Kernel::KProcess* const m_process;
     const std::shared_ptr<Applet> m_applet;
 };

src/core/hle/service/am/service/library_applet_self_accessor.cpp

@@ -176,8 +176,7 @@ Result ILibraryAppletSelfAccessor::GetMainAppletStorageId(Out<FileSys::StorageId
 
 Result ILibraryAppletSelfAccessor::ExitProcessAndReturn() {
     LOG_INFO(Service_AM, "called");
-    system.GetAppletManager().TerminateAndRemoveApplet(m_applet->aruid);
+    m_applet->process->Terminate();
-    m_broker->SignalCompletion();
     R_SUCCEED();
 }
 

src/core/hle/service/am/service/self_controller.cpp

@@ -86,8 +86,7 @@ ISelfController::~ISelfController() {
 Result ISelfController::Exit() {
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "called");
 
-    // TODO
+    m_applet->process->Terminate();
-    system.Exit();
 
     R_SUCCEED();
 }
@@ -95,7 +94,16 @@ Result ISelfController::Exit() {
 Result ISelfController::LockExit() {
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "called");
 
+    std::scoped_lock lk{m_applet->lock};
+
+    if (m_applet->lifecycle_manager.GetExitRequested()) {
+        // With exit already requested, ignore and terminate immediately.
+        m_applet->process->Terminate();
+    } else {
+        // Otherwise, set exit lock state.
+        m_applet->exit_locked = true;
         system.SetExitLocked(true);
+    }
 
     R_SUCCEED();
 }
@@ -103,10 +111,13 @@ Result ISelfController::LockExit() {
 Result ISelfController::UnlockExit() {
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "called");
 
+    std::scoped_lock lk{m_applet->lock};
+
+    m_applet->exit_locked = false;
     system.SetExitLocked(false);
 
-    if (system.GetExitRequested()) {
+    if (m_applet->lifecycle_manager.GetExitRequested()) {
-        system.Exit();
+        m_applet->process->Terminate();
     }
 
     R_SUCCEED();
@@ -155,7 +166,7 @@ Result ISelfController::SetOperationModeChangedNotification(bool enabled) {
     LOG_INFO(Service_AM, "called, enabled={}", enabled);
 
     std::scoped_lock lk{m_applet->lock};
-    m_applet->operation_mode_changed_notification_enabled = enabled;
+    m_applet->lifecycle_manager.SetOperationModeChangedNotificationEnabled(enabled);
 
     R_SUCCEED();
 }
@@ -164,17 +175,18 @@ Result ISelfController::SetPerformanceModeChangedNotification(bool enabled) {
     LOG_INFO(Service_AM, "called, enabled={}", enabled);
 
     std::scoped_lock lk{m_applet->lock};
-    m_applet->performance_mode_changed_notification_enabled = enabled;
+    m_applet->lifecycle_manager.SetPerformanceModeChangedNotificationEnabled(enabled);
 
     R_SUCCEED();
 }
 
 Result ISelfController::SetFocusHandlingMode(bool notify, bool background, bool suspend) {
-    LOG_WARNING(Service_AM, "(STUBBED) called, notify={} background={} suspend={}", notify,
+    LOG_INFO(Service_AM, "called, notify={} background={} suspend={}", notify, background, suspend);
-                background, suspend);
 
     std::scoped_lock lk{m_applet->lock};
-    m_applet->focus_handling_mode = {notify, background, suspend};
+    m_applet->lifecycle_manager.SetFocusStateChangedNotificationEnabled(notify);
+    m_applet->lifecycle_manager.SetFocusHandlingMode(suspend);
+    m_applet->UpdateSuspensionStateLocked(true);
 
     R_SUCCEED();
 }
@@ -183,7 +195,7 @@ Result ISelfController::SetRestartMessageEnabled(bool enabled) {
     LOG_INFO(Service_AM, "called, enabled={}", enabled);
 
     std::scoped_lock lk{m_applet->lock};
-    m_applet->restart_message_enabled = enabled;
+    m_applet->lifecycle_manager.SetResumeNotificationEnabled(enabled);
 
     R_SUCCEED();
 }
@@ -202,7 +214,8 @@ Result ISelfController::SetOutOfFocusSuspendingEnabled(bool enabled) {
     LOG_INFO(Service_AM, "called, enabled={}", enabled);
 
     std::scoped_lock lk{m_applet->lock};
-    m_applet->out_of_focus_suspension_enabled = enabled;
+    m_applet->lifecycle_manager.SetOutOfFocusSuspendingEnabled(enabled);
+    m_applet->UpdateSuspensionStateLocked(false);
 
     R_SUCCEED();
 }

src/core/hle/service/am/service/system_applet_proxy.cpp

@@ -19,9 +19,9 @@
 namespace Service::AM {
 
 ISystemAppletProxy::ISystemAppletProxy(Core::System& system_, std::shared_ptr<Applet> applet,
-                                       Kernel::KProcess* process)
+                                       Kernel::KProcess* process, WindowSystem& window_system)
-    : ServiceFramework{system_, "ISystemAppletProxy"}, m_process{process}, m_applet{
+    : ServiceFramework{system_, "ISystemAppletProxy"},
-                                                                               std::move(applet)} {
+      m_window_system{window_system}, m_process{process}, m_applet{std::move(applet)} {
     // clang-format off
     static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
         {0, D<&ISystemAppletProxy::GetCommonStateGetter>, "GetCommonStateGetter"},
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ Result ISystemAppletProxy::GetDebugFunctions(
 Result ISystemAppletProxy::GetWindowController(
     Out<SharedPointer<IWindowController>> out_window_controller) {
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "called");
-    *out_window_controller = std::make_shared<IWindowController>(system, m_applet);
+    *out_window_controller = std::make_shared<IWindowController>(system, m_applet, m_window_system);
     R_SUCCEED();
 }
 
@@ -96,14 +96,15 @@ Result ISystemAppletProxy::GetCommonStateGetter(
 Result ISystemAppletProxy::GetLibraryAppletCreator(
     Out<SharedPointer<ILibraryAppletCreator>> out_library_applet_creator) {
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "called");
-    *out_library_applet_creator = std::make_shared<ILibraryAppletCreator>(system, m_applet);
+    *out_library_applet_creator =
+        std::make_shared<ILibraryAppletCreator>(system, m_applet, m_window_system);
     R_SUCCEED();
 }
 
 Result ISystemAppletProxy::GetApplicationCreator(
     Out<SharedPointer<IApplicationCreator>> out_application_creator) {
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "called");
-    *out_application_creator = std::make_shared<IApplicationCreator>(system);
+    *out_application_creator = std::make_shared<IApplicationCreator>(system, m_window_system);
     R_SUCCEED();
 }
 
@@ -117,7 +118,8 @@ Result ISystemAppletProxy::GetAppletCommonFunctions(
 Result ISystemAppletProxy::GetHomeMenuFunctions(
     Out<SharedPointer<IHomeMenuFunctions>> out_home_menu_functions) {
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "called");
-    *out_home_menu_functions = std::make_shared<IHomeMenuFunctions>(system, m_applet);
+    *out_home_menu_functions =
+        std::make_shared<IHomeMenuFunctions>(system, m_applet, m_window_system);
     R_SUCCEED();
 }
 

src/core/hle/service/am/service/system_applet_proxy.h

@@ -21,11 +21,12 @@ class ILibraryAppletCreator;
 class IProcessWindingController;
 class ISelfController;
 class IWindowController;
+class WindowSystem;
 
 class ISystemAppletProxy final : public ServiceFramework<ISystemAppletProxy> {
 public:
     explicit ISystemAppletProxy(Core::System& system, std::shared_ptr<Applet> applet,
-                                Kernel::KProcess* process);
+                                Kernel::KProcess* process, WindowSystem& window_system);
     ~ISystemAppletProxy();
 
 private:
@@ -46,6 +47,7 @@ private:
     Result GetGlobalStateController(
         Out<SharedPointer<IGlobalStateController>> out_global_state_controller);
 
+    WindowSystem& m_window_system;
     Kernel::KProcess* const m_process;
     const std::shared_ptr<Applet> m_applet;
 };

src/core/hle/service/am/service/window_controller.cpp

@@ -4,12 +4,15 @@
 #include "core/hle/service/am/applet.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/applet_manager.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/service/window_controller.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/am/window_system.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/cmif_serialization.h"
 
 namespace Service::AM {
 
-IWindowController::IWindowController(Core::System& system_, std::shared_ptr<Applet> applet)
+IWindowController::IWindowController(Core::System& system_, std::shared_ptr<Applet> applet,
-    : ServiceFramework{system_, "IWindowController"}, m_applet{std::move(applet)} {
+                                     WindowSystem& window_system)
+    : ServiceFramework{system_, "IWindowController"},
+      m_window_system{window_system}, m_applet{std::move(applet)} {
     // clang-format off
     static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
         {0, nullptr, "CreateWindow"},
@@ -63,17 +66,9 @@ Result IWindowController::RejectToChangeIntoBackground() {
 }
 
 Result IWindowController::SetAppletWindowVisibility(bool visible) {
-    m_applet->display_layer_manager.SetWindowVisibility(visible);
+    LOG_INFO(Service_AM, "called");
-    m_applet->hid_registration.EnableAppletToGetInput(visible);
 
-    if (visible) {
+    m_window_system.RequestAppletVisibilityState(*m_applet, visible);
-        m_applet->message_queue.PushMessage(AppletMessage::ChangeIntoForeground);
-        m_applet->focus_state = FocusState::InFocus;
-    } else {
-        m_applet->focus_state = FocusState::NotInFocus;
-    }
-
-    m_applet->message_queue.PushMessage(AppletMessage::FocusStateChanged);
 
     R_SUCCEED();
 }

src/core/hle/service/am/service/window_controller.h

@@ -9,10 +9,12 @@
 namespace Service::AM {
 
 struct Applet;
+class WindowSystem;
 
 class IWindowController final : public ServiceFramework<IWindowController> {
 public:
-    explicit IWindowController(Core::System& system_, std::shared_ptr<Applet> applet);
+    explicit IWindowController(Core::System& system_, std::shared_ptr<Applet> applet,
+                               WindowSystem& window_system);
     ~IWindowController() override;
 
 private:
@@ -24,6 +26,7 @@ private:
     Result SetAppletWindowVisibility(bool visible);
     Result SetAppletGpuTimeSlice(s64 time_slice);
 
+    WindowSystem& m_window_system;
     const std::shared_ptr<Applet> m_applet;
 };
 

src/core/hle/service/am/window_system.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,315 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#include "core/core.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/am/am_results.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/am/applet.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/am/applet_manager.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/am/event_observer.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/am/window_system.h"
+
+namespace Service::AM {
+
+WindowSystem::WindowSystem(Core::System& system) : m_system(system) {}
+
+WindowSystem::~WindowSystem() {
+    m_system.GetAppletManager().SetWindowSystem(nullptr);
+}
+
+void WindowSystem::SetEventObserver(EventObserver* observer) {
+    m_event_observer = observer;
+    m_system.GetAppletManager().SetWindowSystem(this);
+}
+
+void WindowSystem::Update() {
+    std::scoped_lock lk{m_lock};
+
+    // Loop through all applets and remove terminated applets.
+    this->PruneTerminatedAppletsLocked();
+
+    // If the home menu is being locked into the foreground, handle that.
+    if (this->LockHomeMenuIntoForegroundLocked()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Recursively update each applet root.
+    this->UpdateAppletStateLocked(m_home_menu, m_foreground_requested_applet == m_home_menu);
+    this->UpdateAppletStateLocked(m_application, m_foreground_requested_applet == m_application);
+}
+
+void WindowSystem::TrackApplet(std::shared_ptr<Applet> applet, bool is_application) {
+    std::scoped_lock lk{m_lock};
+
+    if (applet->applet_id == AppletId::QLaunch) {
+        ASSERT(m_home_menu == nullptr);
+        m_home_menu = applet.get();
+    } else if (is_application) {
+        ASSERT(m_application == nullptr);
+        m_application = applet.get();
+    }
+
+    m_event_observer->TrackAppletProcess(*applet);
+    m_applets.emplace(applet->aruid.pid, std::move(applet));
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<Applet> WindowSystem::GetByAppletResourceUserId(u64 aruid) {
+    std::scoped_lock lk{m_lock};
+
+    const auto it = m_applets.find(aruid);
+    if (it == m_applets.end()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    return it->second;
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<Applet> WindowSystem::GetMainApplet() {
+    std::scoped_lock lk{m_lock};
+
+    if (m_application) {
+        return m_applets.at(m_application->aruid.pid);
+    }
+
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+void WindowSystem::RequestHomeMenuToGetForeground() {
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lk{m_lock};
+        m_foreground_requested_applet = m_home_menu;
+    }
+
+    m_event_observer->RequestUpdate();
+}
+
+void WindowSystem::RequestApplicationToGetForeground() {
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lk{m_lock};
+        m_foreground_requested_applet = m_application;
+    }
+
+    m_event_observer->RequestUpdate();
+}
+
+void WindowSystem::RequestLockHomeMenuIntoForeground() {
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lk{m_lock};
+        m_home_menu_foreground_locked = true;
+    }
+
+    m_event_observer->RequestUpdate();
+}
+
+void WindowSystem::RequestUnlockHomeMenuIntoForeground() {
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lk{m_lock};
+        m_home_menu_foreground_locked = false;
+    }
+
+    m_event_observer->RequestUpdate();
+}
+
+void WindowSystem::RequestAppletVisibilityState(Applet& applet, bool visible) {
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lk{applet.lock};
+        applet.window_visible = visible;
+    }
+
+    m_event_observer->RequestUpdate();
+}
+
+void WindowSystem::OnOperationModeChanged() {
+    std::scoped_lock lk{m_lock};
+
+    for (const auto& [aruid, applet] : m_applets) {
+        std::scoped_lock lk2{applet->lock};
+        applet->lifecycle_manager.OnOperationAndPerformanceModeChanged();
+    }
+}
+
+void WindowSystem::OnExitRequested() {
+    std::scoped_lock lk{m_lock};
+
+    for (const auto& [aruid, applet] : m_applets) {
+        std::scoped_lock lk2{applet->lock};
+        applet->lifecycle_manager.RequestExit();
+    }
+}
+
+void WindowSystem::OnHomeButtonPressed(ButtonPressDuration type) {
+    std::scoped_lock lk{m_lock};
+
+    // If we don't have a home menu, nothing to do.
+    if (!m_home_menu) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Lock.
+    std::scoped_lock lk2{m_home_menu->lock};
+
+    // Send home button press event to home menu.
+    if (type == ButtonPressDuration::ShortPressing) {
+        m_home_menu->lifecycle_manager.PushUnorderedMessage(
+            AppletMessage::DetectShortPressingHomeButton);
+    }
+}
+
+void WindowSystem::PruneTerminatedAppletsLocked() {
+    for (auto it = m_applets.begin(); it != m_applets.end(); /* ... */) {
+        const auto& [aruid, applet] = *it;
+
+        std::scoped_lock lk{applet->lock};
+
+        if (!applet->process->IsTerminated()) {
+            // Not terminated.
+            it = std::next(it);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Terminated, so ensure all child applets are terminated.
+        if (!applet->child_applets.empty()) {
+            this->TerminateChildAppletsLocked(applet.get());
+
+            // Not ready to unlink until all child applets are terminated.
+            it = std::next(it);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Erase from caller applet's list of children.
+        if (auto caller_applet = applet->caller_applet.lock(); caller_applet) {
+            std::scoped_lock lk2{caller_applet->lock};
+            std::erase(caller_applet->child_applets, applet);
+            applet->caller_applet.reset();
+
+            // We don't need to update the activity state of the caller applet yet.
+            // It will be recalculated once we fall out of the termination handling path.
+        }
+
+        // If this applet was foreground, it no longer is.
+        if (applet.get() == m_foreground_requested_applet) {
+            m_foreground_requested_applet = nullptr;
+        }
+
+        // If this was the home menu, we should clean up.
+        if (applet.get() == m_home_menu) {
+            m_home_menu = nullptr;
+            m_foreground_requested_applet = m_application;
+        }
+
+        // If this was the application, we should try to switch to the home menu.
+        if (applet.get() == m_application) {
+            m_application = nullptr;
+            m_foreground_requested_applet = m_home_menu;
+
+            // If we have a home menu, send it the application exited message.
+            if (m_home_menu) {
+                m_home_menu->lifecycle_manager.PushUnorderedMessage(
+                    AppletMessage::ApplicationExited);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Finalize applet.
+        applet->OnProcessTerminatedLocked();
+
+        // Request update to ensure quiescence.
+        m_event_observer->RequestUpdate();
+
+        // Unlink and advance.
+        it = m_applets.erase(it);
+    }
+
+    // If the last applet has exited, exit the system.
+    if (m_applets.empty()) {
+        m_system.Exit();
+    }
+}
+
+bool WindowSystem::LockHomeMenuIntoForegroundLocked() {
+    // If the home menu is not locked into foreground, then there's nothing to do.
+    if (m_home_menu == nullptr || !m_home_menu_foreground_locked) {
+        m_home_menu_foreground_locked = false;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Terminate any direct child applets of the home menu.
+    std::scoped_lock lk{m_home_menu->lock};
+
+    this->TerminateChildAppletsLocked(m_home_menu);
+
+    // When there are zero child applets left, we can proceed with the update.
+    if (m_home_menu->child_applets.empty()) {
+        m_home_menu->window_visible = true;
+        m_foreground_requested_applet = m_home_menu;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+void WindowSystem::TerminateChildAppletsLocked(Applet* applet) {
+    auto child_applets = applet->child_applets;
+
+    applet->lock.unlock();
+    for (const auto& child_applet : child_applets) {
+        std::scoped_lock lk{child_applet->lock};
+        child_applet->process->Terminate();
+        child_applet->terminate_result = AM::ResultLibraryAppletTerminated;
+    }
+    applet->lock.lock();
+}
+
+void WindowSystem::UpdateAppletStateLocked(Applet* applet, bool is_foreground) {
+    // With no applet, we don't have anything to do.
+    if (!applet) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    std::scoped_lock lk{applet->lock};
+
+    const bool inherited_foreground = applet->is_process_running && is_foreground;
+    const auto visible_state =
+        inherited_foreground ? ActivityState::ForegroundVisible : ActivityState::BackgroundVisible;
+    const auto obscured_state = inherited_foreground ? ActivityState::ForegroundObscured
+                                                     : ActivityState::BackgroundObscured;
+
+    const bool has_obscuring_child_applets = [&] {
+        for (const auto& child_applet : applet->child_applets) {
+            std::scoped_lock lk2{child_applet->lock};
+            const auto mode = child_applet->library_applet_mode;
+            if (child_applet->is_process_running && child_applet->window_visible &&
+                (mode == LibraryAppletMode::AllForeground ||
+                 mode == LibraryAppletMode::AllForegroundInitiallyHidden)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }();
+
+    // Update visibility state.
+    applet->display_layer_manager.SetWindowVisibility(is_foreground && applet->window_visible);
+
+    // Update interactibility state.
+    applet->SetInteractibleLocked(is_foreground && applet->window_visible);
+
+    // Update focus state and suspension.
+    const bool is_obscured = has_obscuring_child_applets || !applet->window_visible;
+    const auto state = applet->lifecycle_manager.GetActivityState();
+
+    if (is_obscured && state != obscured_state) {
+        // Set obscured state.
+        applet->lifecycle_manager.SetActivityState(obscured_state);
+        applet->UpdateSuspensionStateLocked(true);
+    } else if (!is_obscured && state != visible_state) {
+        // Set visible state.
+        applet->lifecycle_manager.SetActivityState(visible_state);
+        applet->UpdateSuspensionStateLocked(true);
+    }
+
+    // Recurse into child applets.
+    for (const auto& child_applet : applet->child_applets) {
+        this->UpdateAppletStateLocked(child_applet.get(), is_foreground);
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace Service::AM

src/core/hle/service/am/window_system.h

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+
+namespace Core {
+class System;
+}
+
+namespace Service::AM {
+
+struct Applet;
+class EventObserver;
+
+enum class ButtonPressDuration {
+    ShortPressing,
+    MiddlePressing,
+    LongPressing,
+};
+
+class WindowSystem {
+public:
+    explicit WindowSystem(Core::System& system);
+    ~WindowSystem();
+
+public:
+    void SetEventObserver(EventObserver* event_observer);
+    void Update();
+
+public:
+    void TrackApplet(std::shared_ptr<Applet> applet, bool is_application);
+    std::shared_ptr<Applet> GetByAppletResourceUserId(u64 aruid);
+    std::shared_ptr<Applet> GetMainApplet();
+
+public:
+    void RequestHomeMenuToGetForeground();
+    void RequestApplicationToGetForeground();
+    void RequestLockHomeMenuIntoForeground();
+    void RequestUnlockHomeMenuIntoForeground();
+    void RequestAppletVisibilityState(Applet& applet, bool visible);
+
+public:
+    void OnOperationModeChanged();
+    void OnExitRequested();
+    void OnHomeButtonPressed(ButtonPressDuration type);
+    void OnCaptureButtonPressed(ButtonPressDuration type) {}
+    void OnPowerButtonPressed(ButtonPressDuration type) {}
+
+private:
+    void PruneTerminatedAppletsLocked();
+    bool LockHomeMenuIntoForegroundLocked();
+    void TerminateChildAppletsLocked(Applet* applet);
+    void UpdateAppletStateLocked(Applet* applet, bool is_foreground);
+
+private:
+    // System reference.
+    Core::System& m_system;
+
+    // Event observer.
+    EventObserver* m_event_observer{};
+
+    // Lock.
+    std::mutex m_lock{};
+
+    // Home menu state.
+    bool m_home_menu_foreground_locked{};
+    Applet* m_foreground_requested_applet{};
+
+    // Foreground roots.
+    Applet* m_home_menu{};
+    Applet* m_application{};
+
+    // Applet map by aruid.
+    std::map<u64, std::shared_ptr<Applet>> m_applets{};
+};
+
+} // namespace Service::AM

src/core/hle/service/glue/time/manager.cpp

@@ -51,16 +51,17 @@ s64 CalendarTimeToEpoch(Service::PSC::Time::CalendarTime calendar) {
 }
 
 s64 GetEpochTimeFromInitialYear(std::shared_ptr<Service::Set::ISystemSettingsServer>& set_sys) {
+    s32 year{2000};
+    set_sys->GetSettingsItemValueImpl(year, "time", "standard_user_clock_initial_year");
+
     Service::PSC::Time::CalendarTime calendar{
-        .year = 2000,
+        .year = static_cast<s16>(year),
         .month = 1,
         .day = 1,
         .hour = 0,
         .minute = 0,
         .second = 0,
     };
-    set_sys->GetSettingsItemValueImpl<s16>(calendar.year, "time",
-                                           "standard_user_clock_initial_year");
     return CalendarTimeToEpoch(calendar);
 }
 

src/core/hle/service/hid/hid.cpp

@@ -23,11 +23,7 @@ void LoopProcess(Core::System& system) {
     std::shared_ptr<ResourceManager> resource_manager =
         std::make_shared<ResourceManager>(system, firmware_settings);
 
-    // TODO: Remove this hack when am is emulated properly.
     resource_manager->Initialize();
-    resource_manager->RegisterAppletResourceUserId(system.ApplicationProcess()->GetProcessId(),
-                                                   true);
-    resource_manager->SetAruidValidForVibration(system.ApplicationProcess()->GetProcessId(), true);
 
     server_manager->RegisterNamedService(
         "hid", std::make_shared<IHidServer>(system, resource_manager, firmware_settings));

src/core/hle/service/os/process.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#include "common/scope_exit.h"
+
+#include "core/hle/kernel/k_process.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/svc_types.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/os/process.h"
+#include "core/loader/loader.h"
+
+namespace Service {
+
+Process::Process(Core::System& system)
+    : m_system(system), m_process(), m_main_thread_priority(), m_main_thread_stack_size(),
+      m_process_started() {}
+
+Process::~Process() {
+    this->Finalize();
+}
+
+bool Process::Initialize(Loader::AppLoader& loader, Loader::ResultStatus& out_load_result) {
+    // First, ensure we are not holding another process.
+    this->Finalize();
+
+    // Create the process.
+    auto* const process = Kernel::KProcess::Create(m_system.Kernel());
+    Kernel::KProcess::Register(m_system.Kernel(), process);
+
+    // On exit, ensure we free the additional reference to the process.
+    SCOPE_EXIT {
+        process->Close();
+    };
+
+    // Insert process modules into memory.
+    const auto [load_result, load_parameters] = loader.Load(*process, m_system);
+    out_load_result = load_result;
+
+    // Ensure loading was successful.
+    if (load_result != Loader::ResultStatus::Success) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // TODO: remove this, kernel already tracks this
+    m_system.Kernel().AppendNewProcess(process);
+
+    // Note the load parameters from NPDM.
+    m_main_thread_priority = load_parameters->main_thread_priority;
+    m_main_thread_stack_size = load_parameters->main_thread_stack_size;
+
+    // This process has not started yet.
+    m_process_started = false;
+
+    // Take ownership of the process object.
+    m_process = process;
+    m_process->Open();
+
+    // We succeeded.
+    return true;
+}
+
+void Process::Finalize() {
+    // Terminate, if we are currently holding a process.
+    this->Terminate();
+
+    // Close the process.
+    if (m_process) {
+        m_process->Close();
+
+        // TODO: remove this, kernel already tracks this
+        m_system.Kernel().RemoveProcess(m_process);
+    }
+
+    // Clean up.
+    m_process = nullptr;
+    m_main_thread_priority = 0;
+    m_main_thread_stack_size = 0;
+    m_process_started = false;
+}
+
+bool Process::Run() {
+    // If we already started the process, don't start again.
+    if (m_process_started) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Start.
+    if (m_process) {
+        m_process->Run(m_main_thread_priority, m_main_thread_stack_size);
+    }
+
+    // Mark as started.
+    m_process_started = true;
+
+    // We succeeded.
+    return true;
+}
+
+void Process::Terminate() {
+    if (m_process) {
+        m_process->Terminate();
+    }
+}
+
+void Process::ResetSignal() {
+    if (m_process) {
+        m_process->Reset();
+    }
+}
+
+bool Process::IsRunning() const {
+    if (m_process) {
+        const auto state = m_process->GetState();
+        return state == Kernel::KProcess::State::Running ||
+               state == Kernel::KProcess::State::RunningAttached ||
+               state == Kernel::KProcess::State::DebugBreak;
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool Process::IsTerminated() const {
+    if (m_process) {
+        return m_process->IsTerminated();
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+u64 Process::GetProcessId() const {
+    if (m_process) {
+        return m_process->GetProcessId();
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+u64 Process::GetProgramId() const {
+    if (m_process) {
+        return m_process->GetProgramId();
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void Process::Suspend(bool suspended) {
+    if (m_process) {
+        m_process->SetActivity(suspended ? Kernel::Svc::ProcessActivity::Paused
+                                         : Kernel::Svc::ProcessActivity::Runnable);
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace Service

src/core/hle/service/os/process.h

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+
+namespace Core {
+class System;
+}
+
+namespace Loader {
+class AppLoader;
+enum class ResultStatus : u16;
+} // namespace Loader
+
+namespace Kernel {
+class KProcess;
+}
+
+namespace Service {
+
+class Process {
+public:
+    explicit Process(Core::System& system);
+    ~Process();
+
+    bool Initialize(Loader::AppLoader& loader, Loader::ResultStatus& out_load_result);
+    void Finalize();
+
+    bool Run();
+    void Terminate();
+    void Suspend(bool suspended);
+    void ResetSignal();
+
+    bool IsInitialized() const {
+        return m_process != nullptr;
+    }
+
+    bool IsRunning() const;
+    bool IsTerminated() const;
+
+    u64 GetProcessId() const;
+    u64 GetProgramId() const;
+
+    Kernel::KProcess* GetHandle() const {
+        return m_process;
+    }
+
+private:
+    Core::System& m_system;
+    Kernel::KProcess* m_process{};
+    s32 m_main_thread_priority{};
+    u64 m_main_thread_stack_size{};
+    bool m_process_started{};
+};
+
+} // namespace Service

src/yuzu/main.cpp

@@ -1461,7 +1461,6 @@ void GMainWindow::OnAppFocusStateChanged(Qt::ApplicationState state) {
             OnPauseGame();
         } else if (!emu_thread->IsRunning() && auto_paused && state == Qt::ApplicationActive) {
             auto_paused = false;
-            RequestGameResume();
             OnStartGame();
         }
     }
@@ -1702,7 +1701,6 @@ void GMainWindow::OnPrepareForSleep(bool prepare_sleep) {
     } else {
         if (!emu_thread->IsRunning() && auto_paused) {
             auto_paused = false;
-            RequestGameResume();
             OnStartGame();
         }
     }
@@ -3457,7 +3455,6 @@ void GMainWindow::OnPauseContinueGame() {
         if (emu_thread->IsRunning()) {
             OnPauseGame();
         } else {
-            RequestGameResume();
             OnStartGame();
         }
     }
@@ -5013,10 +5010,6 @@ void GMainWindow::RequestGameExit() {
     system->GetAppletManager().RequestExit();
 }
 
-void GMainWindow::RequestGameResume() {
-    system->GetAppletManager().RequestResume();
-}
-
 void GMainWindow::filterBarSetChecked(bool state) {
     ui->action_Show_Filter_Bar->setChecked(state);
     emit(OnToggleFilterBar());

src/yuzu/main.h

@@ -310,7 +310,6 @@ private:
     bool ConfirmChangeGame();
     bool ConfirmForceLockedExit();
     void RequestGameExit();
-    void RequestGameResume();
     void changeEvent(QEvent* event) override;
     void closeEvent(QCloseEvent* event) override;