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241 lines
12 KiB
Text
241 lines
12 KiB
Text
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Apple Lossless Format "Magic Cookie" Description
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__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Many encoded formats for audio require additional, codec specific configuration information in order to operate successfully.
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This codec specific information is often called a 'magic cookie'. The Apple Lossless codec's 'magic cookie' contains the
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ALACSpecificConfig and optional ALACChannelLayoutInfo (both described below).
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The 'magic cookie' must accompany the bitstream when stored in any file container (M4A/MP4, CAF) so that it may be provided to the
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decoder when decoding the bitstream. From the caller's perspective, the 'magic cookie' is opaque and should be stored in the file
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and presented to the decoder exactly as it is vended from the encoder (and consequently stored in the file).
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The ALAC 'magic cookie' as stored in a file has all fields described in big-endian order (regardless of file format).
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The layout of the 'magic cookie' is as follows:
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---------------- ALAC Specific Info (24 bytes) (mandatory) ---------------------------
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(ALACSpecificConfig) Decoder Info
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---------------- Channel Layout Info (24 bytes) (optional) ----------------------------
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(ALAC Channel Layout Info) Channel Layout Info
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If the channel layout is absent from the cookie, then the following assumptions are made:
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1 channel - mono
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2 channels - stereo in left, right order
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> 2 channels - no specific channel designation or role.
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__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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* ALAC Specific Info (24 bytes) (mandatory)
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__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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The Apple Lossless codec stores specific information about the encoded stream in the ALACSpecificConfig. This
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info is vended by the encoder and is used to setup the decoder for a given encoded bitstream.
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When read from and written to a file, the fields of this struct must be in big-endian order.
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When vended by the encoder (and received by the decoder) the struct values will be in big-endian order.
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/*
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struct ALACSpecificConfig (defined in ALACAudioTypes.h)
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abstract This struct is used to describe codec provided information about the encoded Apple Lossless bitstream.
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It must accompany the encoded stream in the containing audio file and be provided to the decoder.
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field frameLength uint32_t indicating the frames per packet when no explicit frames per packet setting is
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present in the packet header. The encoder frames per packet can be explicitly set
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but for maximum compatibility, the default encoder setting of 4096 should be used.
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field compatibleVersion uint8_t indicating compatible version,
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value must be set to 0
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field bitDepth uint8_t describes the bit depth of the source PCM data (maximum value = 32)
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field pb uint8_t currently unused tuning parameter.
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value should be set to 40
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field mb uint8_t currently unused tuning parameter.
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value should be set to 10
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field kb uint8_t currently unused tuning parameter.
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value should be set to 14
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field numChannels uint8_t describes the channel count (1 = mono, 2 = stereo, etc...)
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when channel layout info is not provided in the 'magic cookie', a channel count > 2
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describes a set of discreet channels with no specific ordering
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field maxRun uint16_t currently unused.
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value should be set to 255
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field maxFrameBytes uint32_t the maximum size of an Apple Lossless packet within the encoded stream.
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value of 0 indicates unknown
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field avgBitRate uint32_t the average bit rate in bits per second of the Apple Lossless stream.
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value of 0 indicates unknown
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field sampleRate uint32_t sample rate of the encoded stream
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*/
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typedef struct ALACSpecificConfig
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{
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uint32_t frameLength;
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uint8_t compatibleVersion;
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uint8_t bitDepth;
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uint8_t pb;
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uint8_t mb;
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uint8_t kb;
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uint8_t numChannels;
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uint16_t maxRun;
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uint32_t maxFrameBytes;
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uint32_t avgBitRate;
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uint32_t sampleRate;
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} ALACSpecificConfig;
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__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Channel Layout Info (24 bytes) (optional)
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__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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The Apple Lossless codec can support a specific set of channel layouts. When channel information is vended
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by the encoder (in the 'magic cookie'), it is formatted in the the ALACChannelLayoutInfo.
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When read from and written to a file, the fields of this struct must be in big-endian order.
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When vended by the encoder (and received by the decoder) the struct values will be in big-endian order.
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/*
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struct ALACChannelLayoutInfo (defined in ALACAudioTypes.h)
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abstract This struct is used to specify particular channel orderings or configurations.
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It is an optional portion of the 'magic cookie', being required to describe specific channel layouts (see below)
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of more than 2 channels.
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field channelLayoutInfoSize uint32_t indicates the size of the channel layout data
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value should be set to 24
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field channelLayoutInfoID uint32_t identifier indicating that channel layout info is present
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value = 'chan'
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field versionFlags uint32_t version flags
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value should be set to 0
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field channelLayoutTag uint32_t channel layout type
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from defined list in ALACAudioTypes.h (see below)
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field reserved1 uint32_t currently unused field
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value should be set to 0
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field reserved2 uint32_t currently unused field
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value should be set to 0
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*/
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typedef struct ALACChannelLayoutInfo
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{
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uint32_t channelLayoutInfoSize;
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uint32_t channelLayoutInfoID;
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uint32_t versionFlags;
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uint32_t channelLayoutTag;
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uint32_t reserved1;
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uint32_t reserved2;
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} ALACChannelLayoutInfo;
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* Channel Layout Tags
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These constants will be used to describe the bitstream's channel layout. (defined in ALACAudioTypes.h)
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enum
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{
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kALACChannelLayoutTag_Mono = (100<<16) | 1, // C
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kALACChannelLayoutTag_Stereo = (101<<16) | 2, // L R
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kALACChannelLayoutTag_MPEG_3_0_B = (113<<16) | 3, // C L R
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kALACChannelLayoutTag_MPEG_4_0_B = (116<<16) | 4, // C L R Cs
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kALACChannelLayoutTag_MPEG_5_0_D = (120<<16) | 5, // C L R Ls Rs
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kALACChannelLayoutTag_MPEG_5_1_D = (124<<16) | 6, // C L R Ls Rs LFE
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kALACChannelLayoutTag_AAC_6_1 = (142<<16) | 7, // C L R Ls Rs Cs LFE
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kALACChannelLayoutTag_MPEG_7_1_B = (127<<16) | 8 // C Lc Rc L R Ls Rs LFE (doc: IS-13818-7 MPEG2-AAC)
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};
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__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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* Storing Apple Lossless Magic Cookie in Audio Files
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__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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The Apple Lossless Magic Cookie is treated as opaque by file parsing code. The 'magic cookie' vended by the encoder
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is placed without modification into the audio file and the read from that file and passed (unmodified) to the decoder.
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__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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* CAF File
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In a CAF file (Core Audio File), the 'magic cookie' is stored in CAF's Magic Cookie chunk ('kuki').
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__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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* MP4/M4A File
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In an MP4/M4A file, the 'magic cookie' is encapsulated in the AudioSample entry of a Sound Description box ('stsd').
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An ISO style full box header to describe the ALACSpecificConfig portion is appended to the AudioSampleEntry, followed by the
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'magic cookie' as it is vended by the encoder.
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(All fields are stored in big-endian order: see ISO/IEC 14496-12 for a full description of the SoundDescription and AudioSampleEntry boxes, etc.)
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---------------- SoundDescriptionBox (FullBox) ----------------------------
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SampleEntrySize // = sizeof(SoundDescriptionBox)(16) + sizeof (AudioSampleEntry)(AudioSampleEntry.SampleEntrySize)
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SampleEntryType // = 'stsd'
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VersionFlags // = 0
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EntryCount // = 1
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---------------- Audio Sample Entry (REQUIRED) -----------------------------
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SampleEntrySize // sizeof(AudioSampleEntry)(36) + sizeof(full ISO box header)(12) + sizeof(Apple Lossless Magic Cookie)
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SampleEntryType // = 'alac', specifies that the AudioSampleEntry describes an Apple Lossless bitstream
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mReserved[6] // = 0
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dref index // = 1
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reserved[2] // = 0
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channel count // = number of channels as a uint_16 value
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sample size // = source pcm bitdepth (example = 16bit source pcm)
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predefined // = 0
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reserved // = 0
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sample rate // sample rate as a uint_32 value
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Appended to AudioSampleEntry:
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ALAC Specific Info Size // uint_32 value, = 36 (12 + sizeof(ALACSpecificConfig))
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ALAC Specific Info ID // uint_32 value, = 'alac', format ID which matches the Audio Sample Entry SampleEntryType field
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Version Flags // uint_32 value, = 0
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Apple Lossless Magic Cookie // 'magic cookie' vended from ALAC encoder (24 or 48 Bytes)
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__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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* Compatibility
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__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Previous versions of the Apple Lossless encoder vended a different 'magic cookie'. To ensure compatibility, the Apple Lossless decoder
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must be prepared to parse a 'magic cookie' in the format described below. Note that the 'magic cookie' defined above is
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encapsulated in the following method and can be extracted as a contiguous set of bytes.
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---------------- Format Atom (12 bytes) --------------------------------
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(uint_32) Format Atom Size // = 12
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(uint_32) Channel Layout Info ID // = 'frma'
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(uint_32) Format Type // = 'alac'
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---------------- ALAC Specific Info (36 bytes) (required) --------------
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(uint_32) ALAC Specific Info Size // = 36 (12 + sizeof(ALACSpecificConfig))
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(uint_32) ALAC Specific Info ID // = 'alac', format ID which matches the Audio Sample Entry SampleEntryType field
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(uint_32) Version Flags // = 0
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[ Apple Lossless Magic Cookie (see above) ]
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---------------- Terminator Atom (8 bytes) -----------------------------
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(uint_32) Channel Layout Info Size // = 8
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(uint_32) Channel Layout Info ID // = 0
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